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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PEARLS.
The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.
It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.
Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.
The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PEARLS.
/pɜːrlz/
Line 2
The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.
/ðə ˈveri ˈhaɪəst pəˈzɪʃən əˈmʌŋ ɔːl ˈvæljəbəlz bɪˈlɔːŋz tuː ðə pɜːrl/
Line 3
It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.
/ɪt ɪz ˈprɪnsɪpli ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ðæt sendz ðem tuː ʌs/
Line 4
Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.
/əˈkrɔːs ˈmeni ə siː ənd ˈoʊvər ˈmeni ə ˈleŋθənd trækt ʌv lænd skɔːrtʃt baɪ ðə ˈɑːrdənt reɪz ʌv ə ˈbɜːrnɪŋ sʌn mʌst ðə pɜːrl ˈsiːkər pæs əˈmɪd ðoʊz ˈmɑːnstərz soʊ ˈfraɪtfəl ənd soʊ hjuːdʒ wɪtʃ wiː hæv ɔːlˈredi dɪˈskraɪbd/
Line 5
The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

lengthened adjective US /ˈleŋθənd/

drawn out or made longer spatially

From this reading “Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.”

monsters noun US /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading “Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.”

principally adverb US /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading “It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.”

productive adjective US /prəˈdʌktɪv/

producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly)

From this reading “The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.”

scorched adjective US /skɔːrtʃt/

Burned by flames or heat; blackened by intense magical or physical fire.

From this reading “Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.”

seeker noun US /ˈsiːkər/

someone making a search or inquiry

From this reading “Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.”

tract noun US /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading “Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.”

valuables noun US /ˈvæljəbəlz/

plural of “valuable” — something of value

From this reading “The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

already described adverb + adjective

In this reading “Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.”

burning sun noun + noun

In this reading “Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.”

highest position adjective + noun counted as “high position”

In this reading “The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

AcrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

ardentadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrdənt/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

belongsverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

frightfuladjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtfəl/

provoking horror

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

lengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈleŋθənd/

drawn out or made longer spatially

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

monstersnounUS /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

OceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

pearlnounUS /pɜːrl/

a smooth lustrous round structure inside the shell of a clam or oyster; much valued as a jewel

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

PEARLSnounUS /pɜːrlz/

plural of “pearl” — a smooth lustrous round structure inside the shell of a clam or oyster; much valued as a jewel

From this reading PEARLS.

Perimula

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

principallyadverbUS /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

productiveadjectiveUS /prəˈdʌktɪv/

producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly)

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

promontorynoun

a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

scorchedadjectiveUS /skɔːrtʃt/

Burned by flames or heat; blackened by intense magical or physical fire.

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

seekernounUS /ˈsiːkər/

someone making a search or inquiry

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

sendsverbUS /sendz/

third-person singular of “send” — cause to go somewhere

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

Stoïdis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

Taprobana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The places most productive of pearls are the islands of Taprobana and Stoïdis, and Perimula, a promontory of India.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

tractnounUS /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is principally the Indian Ocean that sends them to us.

valuablesnounUS /ˈvæljəbəlz/

plural of “valuable” — something of value

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The very highest position among all valuables belongs to the pearl.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Across many a sea, and over many a lengthened tract of land, scorched by the ardent rays of a burning sun, must the pearl seeker pass, amid those monsters so frightful and so huge which we have already described.

Chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 113 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 20 holds 113 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 113 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.