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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
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FOREIGN BIRDS WHICH VISIT US.
Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.
The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.
These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.
These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FOREIGN BIRDS WHICH VISIT US.
/ˈfɔːrən bɜːrdz wɪtʃ ˈvɪzɪt ʌs/
Line 2
Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.
Line 3
The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.
/ðə kweɪl wɪtʃ ˈɔːlweɪz ərˈaɪvz əˈmʌŋ ʌs bɪˈfɔːr ðə kreɪn ɪz ə smɔːl bɜːrd wɪtʃ mɔːr ˈkɑːmənli kiːps tuː ðə ɡraʊnd ðæn flaɪz əˈlɔːft/
Line 4
These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.
/ðiːz bɜːrdz flaɪ ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr ˈmænər tuː ðoʊz aɪ hæv ɔːlˈredi ˈspoʊkən ʌv ənd nɑːt wɪˈθaʊt kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈdeɪndʒər tuː ˈmerənərz wen ðeɪ kʌm nɪr ðə ˈsɜːrfəs ʌv ðə ɜːrθ fɔːr ɪt ˈɔːfən ˈhæpənz ðæt ðeɪ ˈsetəl ɑːn ðə seɪlz ʌv ə ʃɪp ənd ðæt tuː ˈɔːlweɪz ɪn ðə naɪt ɪn sʌtʃ ˈnʌmbərz ðæt ðə ˈvesəl ˈɔːfən sɪŋks/
Line 5
These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arrives verb US /ərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading “The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.”

defer verb US /dɪˈfɜːr/

hold back to a later time

From this reading “Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.”

emigration noun US /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading “Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.”

mariners noun US /ˈmerənərz/

plural of “mariner” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading “These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.”

mentioning verb US /ˈmenʃənɪŋ/

-ing form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading “Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.”

quail verb US /kweɪl/

draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading “The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.”

sinks noun US /sɪŋks/

plural of “sink” — plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe

From this reading “These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.”

tract noun US /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading “These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

natural instinct adjective + noun

In this reading “Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.”

smaller size adjective + noun

In this reading “Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.”

similar manner adjective + noun

In this reading “These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.”

already spoken adverb + adjective

In this reading “These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.”

considerable danger adjective + noun

In this reading “These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.”

come near verb + particle

almost do or experience something

In this reading “These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.”

small bird adjective + noun

In this reading “The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.”

other birds adjective + noun counted as “other bird”

In this reading “Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

aloftadverbUS /əˈlɔːft/

at or on or to the masthead or upper rigging of a ship

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

arrivesverbUS /ərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

BIRDSnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading FOREIGN BIRDS WHICH VISIT US.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

craneverbUS /kreɪn/

stretch (the neck) so as to see better

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

deferverbUS /dɪˈfɜːr/

hold back to a later time

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

emigrationnounUS /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

fliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

FOREIGNadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading FOREIGN BIRDS WHICH VISIT US.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

instinctnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

keepsnounUS /kiːps/

plural of “keep” — the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

marinersnounUS /ˈmerənərz/

plural of “mariner” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

mentioningverbUS /ˈmenʃənɪŋ/

-ing form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

quailverbUS /kweɪl/

draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

resting-places

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

sailsnounUS /seɪlz/

plural of “sail” — a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

settleverbUS /ˈsetəl/

settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

sinksnounUS /sɪŋks/

plural of “sink” — plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The quail, which always arrives among us before the crane, is a small bird, which more commonly keeps to the ground than flies aloft.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

tractnounUS /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

USpronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading FOREIGN BIRDS WHICH VISIT US.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

VISITverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading FOREIGN BIRDS WHICH VISIT US.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading FOREIGN BIRDS WHICH VISIT US.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These birds pursue their course along a tract of country with certain resting-places.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading These birds fly in a similar manner to those I have already spoken of, and not without considerable danger to mariners, when they come near the surface of the earth: for it often happens that they settle on the sails of a ship, and that, too, always in the night, in such numbers that the vessel often sinks.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Having spoken of the emigration of these birds over sea and land, I cannot allow myself to defer mentioning some other birds of smaller size, which have the same natural instinct: although in the case of those which I have already mentioned, their very size and strength would almost seem to invite them to such habits.

Chapter 27 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 53 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 27 holds 53 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 53 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.