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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STRANGE AND FABULOUS BIRDS.
The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.
The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.
It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.
Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STRANGE AND FABULOUS BIRDS.
/streɪndʒ ənd ˈfæbjələs bɜːrdz/
Line 2
The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.
/ðə ˈɪnstɪŋkts ʌv bɜːrdz ɑːr noʊ les ˈverid ɪn riˈleɪʃən tuː ðer fuːd/
Line 3
The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.
Line 4
It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.
Line 5
Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afflicted adjective US /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading “Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.”

blackbird noun US /ˈblækbərd/

any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black

From this reading “The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.”

blindness noun US /ˈblaɪndnəs/

the state of being blind or lacking sight

From this reading “Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.”

fabulous adjective US /ˈfæbjələs/

extremely pleasing

From this reading “STRANGE AND FABULOUS BIRDS.”

incipient adjective US /ˌɪnˈsɪpiənt/

only partly in existence; imperfectly formed

From this reading “Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.”

inflicted verb US /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd/

past form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant

From this reading “Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.”

shepherds noun US /ˈʃepərdz/

plural of “shepherd” — a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading “It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.”

suck verb US /sʌk/

draw into the mouth by creating a practical vacuum in the mouth

From this reading “It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

during the day preposition + article + noun counted as “during … day”

In this reading “The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.”

in relation preposition + noun

In this reading “The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.”

all appearance adjective + noun

In this reading “The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

afflictedadjectiveUS /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading STRANGE AND FABULOUS BIRDS.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

BIRDSnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading STRANGE AND FABULOUS BIRDS.

blackbirdnounUS /ˈblækbərd/

any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

blindnessnounUS /ˈblaɪndnəs/

the state of being blind or lacking sight

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

Caprimulgusnoun

type genus of the Caprimulgidae

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

deprivedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpraɪvd/

marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

entersverbUS /ˈentərz/

third-person singular of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

FABULOUSadjectiveUS /ˈfæbjələs/

extremely pleasing

From this reading STRANGE AND FABULOUS BIRDS.

foldsnounUS /foʊldz/

plural of “fold” — an angular or rounded shape made by folding

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

goatnounUS /ɡoʊt/

any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

goat-milker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

incipientadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsɪpiənt/

only partly in existence; imperfectly formed

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

inflictedverbUS /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd/

past form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

milknounUS /mɪlk/

a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

she-goatnoun

female goat

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

shepherdsnounUS /ˈʃepərdz/

plural of “shepherd” — a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

shrivels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

STRANGEadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading STRANGE AND FABULOUS BIRDS.

suckverbUS /sʌk/

draw into the mouth by creating a practical vacuum in the mouth

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

thievesnounUS /θiːvz/

plural of “thief” — a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

uddernoun

mammary gland of bovids (cows and sheep and goats)

From this reading It enters the folds of the shepherds, and makes straight for the udder of the she-goat, to suck the milk.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading The instincts of birds are no less varied in relation to their food.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The “Caprimulgus,” or goat-milker, is the name of a bird, which is to all appearance a large blackbird; it thieves by night, as it cannot see during the day.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Through the injury thus inflicted the udder shrivels away, and the goat that has been thus deprived of its milk, is afflicted with incipient blindness.

Chapter 30 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 30 holds 127 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.