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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXXIV

Chapter 34 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ANTS.
Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.
If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.
They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.
These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXXIV

Chapter 34 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ANTS.
/ænts/
Line 2
Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.
/ænts wɜːrk ɪn ˈkɑːmən laɪk biːz bʌt waɪl ðə ˈlætər meɪk ðer fuːd ðə ˈfɔːrmər ˈoʊnli stɔːr ɪt əˈweɪ/
Line 3
If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.
/ɪf ə ˈpɜːrsən kəmˈperz ðə ˈbɜːrdənz wɪtʃ ðə ænts ˈkæri wɪð ðə saɪz ʌv ðer ˈbɑːdiz hiː mʌst kənˈfes ðæt ðer ɪz noʊ ˈænəməl wɪtʃ ɪn prəˈpɔːrʃən ɪz pəˈzest ʌv ə ˈɡreɪtər dɪˈɡriː ʌv streŋkθ/
Line 4
They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.
/ðeɪ ˈkæri ðiːz ˈbɜːrdənz wɪð ðə maʊθ ɔːr wen ɪt ɪz tuː lɑːrdʒ tuː ədˈmɪt ʌv ðæt ðeɪ tɜːrn ðer bæks tuː ɪt ənd pʊʃ ɪt ˈɑːnwərdz wɪð ðer fiːt waɪl ðeɪ juːs ðer ˈʌtmoʊst ˈenərdʒiz wɪð ðer ˈʃoʊldərz/
Line 5
These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.
/ðiːz ˈɪnsekts hæv ə pəˈlɪtəkəl kəˈmjuːnəti əˈmʌŋ ðemˈselvz ənd ɑːr pəˈzest ʌv boʊθ ˈmem.ər.i ənd ˈfɔːrsaɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ants noun US /ænts/

plural of “ant” — social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading “ANTS.”

bees noun US /biːz/

plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading “Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.”

burdens noun US /ˈbɜːrdənz/

plural of “burden” — an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading “If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.”

compares noun US /kəmˈperz/

plural of “compare” — qualities that are comparable

From this reading “If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.”

energies noun US /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading “They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.”

foresight noun US /ˈfɔːrsaɪt/

providence by virtue of planning prudently for the future

From this reading “These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.”

insects noun US /ˈɪnsekts/

plural of “insect” — small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading “These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.”

onwards adverb US /ˈɑːnwərdz/

in a forward direction

From this reading “They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greater degree adjective + noun

In this reading “If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.”

in proportion preposition + noun

In this reading “If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.”

like bees verb + noun counted as “like bee”

In this reading “Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.”

too large adverb + adjective

excessively large

In this reading “They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

ANTSnounUS /ænts/

plural of “ant” — social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading ANTS.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

beesnounUS /biːz/

plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

burdensnounUS /ˈbɜːrdənz/

plural of “burden” — an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

comparesnounUS /kəmˈperz/

plural of “compare” — qualities that are comparable

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

energiesnounUS /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

foresightnounUS /ˈfɔːrsaɪt/

providence by virtue of planning prudently for the future

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

insectsnounUS /ˈɪnsekts/

plural of “insect” — small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

onwardsadverbUS /ˈɑːnwərdz/

in a forward direction

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

pushverbUS /pʊʃ/

move with force

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading These insects have a political community among themselves, and are possessed of both memory and foresight.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading They carry these burdens with the mouth, or, when it is too large to admit of that, they turn their backs to it, and push it onwards with their feet, while they use their utmost energies with their shoulders.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If a person compares the burdens which the ants carry with the size of their bodies, he must confess that there is no animal which, in proportion, is possessed of a greater degree of strength.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Ants work in common, like bees; but while the latter make their food, the former only store it away.

Chapter 34 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 62 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 34 holds 62 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 62 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.