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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXXV

Chapter 35 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
COINS OF GOLD.
The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.
The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.
King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.
Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXXV

Chapter 35 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COINS OF GOLD.
/kɔɪnz ʌv ɡoʊld/
Line 2
The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.
Line 3
The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.
Line 4
King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.
Line 5
Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coin verb US /kɔɪn/

make up

From this reading “The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.”

coins noun US /kɔɪnz/

plural of “coin” — a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money

From this reading “COINS OF GOLD.”

copper noun US /ˈkɑːpər/

a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor

From this reading “King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.”

defeat noun US /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading “The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.”

impress verb US /ˌɪmˈpres/

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

From this reading “King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.”

mankind noun US /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading “The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.”

raw adjective US /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading “Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.”

welfare noun US /ˈwelfer/

governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need

From this reading “The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

impress upon verb + particle

In this reading “King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.”

of mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.”

on the part preposition + article + noun counted as “on … part”

In this reading “The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

coinverbUS /kɔɪn/

make up

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

COINSnounUS /kɔɪnz/

plural of “coin” — a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money

From this reading COINS OF GOLD.

committedadjectiveUS /kəˈmɪtɪd/

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

coppernounUS /ˈkɑːpər/

a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor

From this reading King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

denarius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

GOLDnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading COINS OF GOLD.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

impressverbUS /ˌɪmˈpres/

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

From this reading King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.

impressedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈprest/

deeply or markedly affected or influenced

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

metalnounUS /ˈmetəl/

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading COINS OF GOLD.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

Pyrrhusnoun

king of Epirus; defeated the Romans in two battles in spite of staggering losses (319-272 BC)

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

rawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

Servius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

Timæus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before the period of the defeat of King Pyrrhus.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome, the raw metal only was used.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

welfarenounUS /ˈwelfer/

governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The next crime committed against the welfare of mankind was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown.

Chapter 35 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 35 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 35 holds 68 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 35 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 35 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 35 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 35 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.