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The Boys' and Girls' Pliny
The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
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INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH.
The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.
For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.
He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.
Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH.
/ˈɪnstənsəz ʌv ˌɪˈmens welθ/
Line 2
The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.
Line 3
For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.
Line 4
He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.
Line 5
Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coined verb US /kɔɪnd/

past form of “coin” — make up

From this reading “For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.”

cupidity noun US /kjuːˈpɪdɪti/

extreme greed for material wealth

From this reading “Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.”

Dives noun US /daɪvz/

plural of “dive” — a cheap disreputable nightclub or dance hall

From this reading “For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.”

multiples noun US /ˈmʌltəpəlz/

plural of “multiple” — the product of a quantity by an integer

From this reading “The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.”

Narcissus noun US /nɑːrˈsɪsəs/

bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters

From this reading “Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.”

opulence noun US /ˈɑːpjələns/

wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living

From this reading “Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.”

stigmatizing verb US /ˈstɪɡmətaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “stigmatize” — to accuse or condemn or openly or formally or brand as disgraceful

From this reading “Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.”

usury noun US /ˈjuːʒəri/

an exorbitant or unlawful rate of interest

From this reading “For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

IMMENSE WEALTH adjective + noun

In this reading “INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH.”

hundred thousand noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the fifth power of ten

In this reading “The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.”

larger sum adjective + noun

In this reading “The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.”

ten times noun + noun

In this reading “The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.”

hundred millions noun + noun counted as “hundred million”

In this reading “He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.”

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.”

for instance preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.”

All words in this reading · 143

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

204

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

205

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

alienum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

ancientsnounUS /ˈeɪntʃənts/

people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

bankruptverbUS /ˈbæŋkrəpt/

reduce to bankruptcy

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

bubbledverbUS /ˈbʌbəld/

past form of “bubble” — form, produce, or emit bubbles

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

Callistus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

ClaudiusnounUS /ˈklɔːdiəs/

Roman Emperor after his nephew Caligula was murdered; consolidated the Roman Empire and conquered southern Britain; was poisoned by his fourth wife Agrippina after her son Nero was named as Claudius' heir (10 BC to AD 54)

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

coinedverbUS /kɔɪnd/

past form of “coin” — make up

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

Crassus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

creditorsnounUS /ˈkredɪtərz/

plural of “creditor” — a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

cupiditynounUS /kjuːˈpɪdɪti/

extreme greed for material wealth

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

DivesnounUS /daɪvz/

plural of “dive” — a cheap disreputable nightclub or dance hall

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

IMMENSEadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

indebtedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

insatiateadjective

impossible to satisfy

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

INSTANCESnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

legionnounUS /ˈliːdʒən/

archaic terms for army

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

maintainverbUS /meɪnˈteɪn/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

manumitted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

Marcus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

multiplesnounUS /ˈmʌltəpəlz/

plural of “multiple” — the product of a quantity by an integer

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

multiplications

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

NarcissusnounUS /nɑːrˈsɪsəs/

bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

opulencenounUS /ˈɑːpjələns/

wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

PallasnounUS /ˈpæləs/

(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

Parthians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

reckonverbUS /ˈrekən/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

richestadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtʃəst/

superlative of “rich” — possessing material wealth

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

sesterces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

signifyverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪ/

denote or connote

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

stigmatizingverbUS /ˈstɪɡmətaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “stigmatize” — to accuse or condemn or openly or formally or brand as disgraceful

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

surnamenounUS /ˈsɜːrneɪm/

the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

Sylla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He possessed in land two hundred millions of sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

usurynounUS /ˈjuːʒəri/

an exorbitant or unlawful rate of interest

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

WEALTHnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

whereby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ancients had no number whereby to express a larger sum than one hundred thousand; and at the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

yearlynounUS /ˈjɪrli/

a reference book that is published regularly once every year

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Nor was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all the gold of the Parthians too![205] And yet, although he was the first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius: Pallas, Callistus, and Narcissus.

æs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of coined money; hence the expressions “æs alienum,” or “another man’s money,” which we still use to signify debt, and in later times the surname “Dives,” rich: only be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname became a bankrupt and bubbled his creditors.[204] Marcus Crassus, a member of the same family, used to say that no man was rich who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly income.

Chapter 36 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny holds 73 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny contain?

Chapter 36 holds 73 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 73 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Pliny by the Elder, 24?-79 Pliny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny?

Yes. All 3612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58589 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58589, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Pliny take to read?

About 301 minutes of reading across 723 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section

How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Pliny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Pliny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Province
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Pliny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.