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The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch
The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
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After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.
He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.
But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.
For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.
The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.
Line 2
He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.
/hiː sent ðer ɡreɪt ˈtreʒər bɪˈfɔːr hɪm tʊk mʌtʃ wɪð hɪm bʌt left mʌtʃ mɔːr ɪn ðə ˈkæsəl wer hiː hæd bɪˈfɔːr rɪˈzaɪdɪd/
Line 3
But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.
Line 4
For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.
Line 5
The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abilities noun US /əˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “ability” — the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading “But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.”

Athenians noun US /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading “The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.”

doubting adjective US /ˈdaʊtɪŋ/

marked by or given to doubt

From this reading “But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.”

follies noun US /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading “The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.”

implore verb US /ˌɪmˈplɔːr/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading “For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.”

inexcusable adjective US /ˌɪnɪksˈkjuːzəbəl/

without excuse or justification

From this reading “The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.”

miserably adverb US /ˈmɪzərəbli/

in a miserable manner

From this reading “The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.”

resided verb US /rɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading “He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

abilitiesnounUS /əˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “ability” — the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

afflictedadjectiveUS /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

Alcibiadesnoun

ancient Athenian statesman and general in the Peloponnesian War (circa 450-404 BC)

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

Artaxerxesnoun

king of Persia who subdued numerous revolutions and made peace with Sparta (?-359 BC)

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

AtheniansnounUS /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

bewailed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

Bithynianoun

an ancient country in northwestern Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; was absorbed into the Roman Empire by the end of the 1st century BC

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

doubtingadjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtɪŋ/

marked by or given to doubt

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

empirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

fellow-citizens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

folliesnounUS /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

honorableadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərəbəl/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

ill-usagenoun

cruel or inhumane treatment

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

imploreverbUS /ˌɪmˈplɔːr/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

inexcusableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnɪksˈkjuːzəbəl/

without excuse or justification

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

judgedverbUS /dʒʌdʒd/

past form of “judge” — determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

king'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

Lacedaemonians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

meantimenounUS /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the time between one event, process, or period and another

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

miserablyadverbUS /ˈmɪzərəbli/

in a miserable manner

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

recommendedverbUS /ˌrekəˈmendɪd/

past form of “recommend” — push for something

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

residedverbUS /rɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

robbedverbUS /rɑːbd/

inflected form of “rob” — take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The Athenians, in the meantime, miserably afflicted at their loss of empire and liberty, acknowledged and bewailed their former errors and follies, and judged this second ill-usage of Alcibiades to be of all the most inexcusable.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

Themistoclesnoun

Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

thereupon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

Thracians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

treasurenounUS /ˈtreʒər/

accumulated wealth in the form of money or jewels etc.

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading For he went, not as Themistocles did, to offer his service against his fellow-citizens, but against their enemies, and to implore the king's aid for the defence of his country.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading After this, Alcibiades, standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians, who were now masters both at sea and land, retired into Bithynia.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He sent there great treasure before him, took much with him, but left much more in the castle where he had before resided.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But he lost a great part of his wealth in Bithynia, being robbed by some Thracians who lived in those parts, and thereupon determined to go to the court of Artaxerxes, not doubting but that the king, if he would make trial of his abilities, would find him not inferior to Themistocles, besides being recommended by a more honorable cause.

Chapter 21 of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch by 46-120? Plutarch holds 88 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch contain?

Chapter 21 holds 88 sentences of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch by 46-120? Plutarch exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 88 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch

Common questions about reading The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch by 46-120? Plutarch on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch?

Yes. All 3462 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2484, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch take to read?

About 288 minutes of reading across 693 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Girls
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introductions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' and Girls' Plutarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.