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The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers
The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
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Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.
Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.
As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.
His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.
He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.
/ˈpɑːmpi ˈkɔːlɪŋ əˈpɑːn ɔːl hɪz ˈpɑːrtəzənz tuː ˈfɑːloʊ hɪm set fɔːrθ æt naɪt tuː riˈtriːt əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈkʌntri təˈwɔːrdz ðə ˌeɪdriˈætɪk siː/
Line 2
Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.
Line 3
As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.
/æz ɔːl səˈplaɪz ʌv ˈmʌni wɜːr kʌt ɔːf baɪ hɪz ˈkrɔːsɪŋ ðə ˈruːbɪkɔːn wɪtʃ ˈsevərd hɪz kəˈnekʃən wɪð ðə ˈɡʌvərmənt hɪz ˈsoʊldʒərz ˈvoʊtɪd tuː sɜːrv hɪm wɪˈθaʊt peɪ/
Line 4
His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.
Line 5
He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Adriatic noun US /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading “Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.”

applauded verb US /əˈplɔːdɪd/

past form of “applaud” — clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate approval

From this reading “His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.”

approve verb US /əˈpruːv/

give sanction to

From this reading “He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.”

partisans noun US /ˈpɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “partisan” — a fervent and even militant proponent of something

From this reading “Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.”

Pompey noun US /ˈpɑːmpi/

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)

From this reading “Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.”

Rubicon noun US /ˈruːbɪkɔːn/

the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war

From this reading “As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.”

severed adjective US /ˈsevərd/

detached by cutting

From this reading “As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.”

voted verb US /ˈvoʊtɪd/

past form of “vote” — express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote

From this reading “As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

set forth verb + particle

state

In this reading “Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.”

cut off verb + particle

make a break in

In this reading “As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.”

rapidly advancing adverb + adjective

In this reading “Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.”

approve of verb + particle

In this reading “He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.”

across the country preposition + article + noun counted as “across … country”

extending throughout an entire nation

In this reading “Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.”

at night preposition + noun

In this reading “Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.”

supplies of verb + particle counted as “supply of”

In this reading “As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

AdriaticnounUS /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

applaudedverbUS /əˈplɔːdɪd/

past form of “applaud” — clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate approval

From this reading His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.

approveverbUS /əˈpruːv/

give sanction to

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

callingnounUS /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

Corfinium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

Cæsar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.

Domitius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

partisansnounUS /ˈpɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “partisan” — a fervent and even militant proponent of something

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.

PompeynounUS /ˈpɑːmpi/

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.

RubiconnounUS /ˈruːbɪkɔːn/

the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

SeanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

severedadjectiveUS /ˈsevərd/

detached by cutting

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading His treatment of Domitius was much applauded by the people.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Pompey, calling upon all his partisans to follow him, set forth at night to retreat across the country towards the Adriatic Sea.

votedverbUS /ˈvoʊtɪd/

past form of “vote” — express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Cæsar was rapidly advancing toward Rome.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading As all supplies of money were cut off by his crossing the Rubicon, which severed his connection with the government, his soldiers voted to serve him without pay.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading He himself says, in a letter written to a friend at the time, “I am glad that you approve of my conduct at Corfinium.

Chapter 5 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers contain?

Chapter 5 holds 406 sentences of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

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Yes. All 5992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50510 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50510, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers take to read?

About 499 minutes of reading across 1199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rulers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lydia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Farmer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.