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The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers
The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.
After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.
Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.
Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.
But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.
Line 2
After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.
Line 3
Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.
Line 4
Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.
/ˈfɜːrdɪnænd ˈhævɪŋ lɔːst hɪz ˈslendər pɜːrs baɪ ðə weɪ wɑːz wɪˈθaʊt ˈmʌni ənd ˌɪzəˈbelə ˈbiːɪŋ ə ˈfjuːdʒətɪv frʌm hɜːr ˈbrʌðərz kɔːrt wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ wɪˈθaʊt miːnz/
Line 5
But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.
/bʌt ðə ˈrɔɪəl ˈkʌpəl ˈredəli ˈbɑːroʊd ðə ˈmʌni ˈnesəseri tuː dɪˈfreɪ ðə ɪkˈspensəz ʌv ðə ˈwedɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defray verb US /dɪˈfreɪ/

bear the expenses of

From this reading “But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.”

expenses noun US /ɪkˈspensəz/

plural of “expense” — amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading “But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.”

Ferdinand noun US /ˈfɜːrdɪnænd/

the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella

From this reading “After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.”

fugitive noun US /ˈfjuːdʒətɪv/

someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading “Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.”

Isabella noun US /ˌɪzəˈbelə/

the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)

From this reading “Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.”

lover's noun US /ˈlʌvərz/

possessive form of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

nobles noun US /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading “Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.”

purity noun US /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading “Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

highly educated adverb + adjective

In this reading “Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.”

two hours noun + noun

In this reading “After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.”

borrowed the money verb + article + noun counted as “borrow … money”

In this reading “But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.”

without money preposition + noun

In this reading “Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.”

by the way preposition + article + noun counted as “by … way”

introducing a different topic

In this reading “Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.”

at the palace preposition + article + noun counted as “at … palace”

In this reading “Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1469

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

19th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

Castiliannoun

the Spanish language as spoken in Castile

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

defrayverbUS /dɪˈfreɪ/

bear the expenses of

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

Duenas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

expensesnounUS /ɪkˈspensəz/

plural of “expense” — amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

FerdinandnounUS /ˈfɜːrdɪnænd/

the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

fugitivenounUS /ˈfjuːdʒətɪv/

someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

interviewverbUS /ˈɪntərvjuː/

conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

IsabellanounUS /ˌɪzəˈbelə/

the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

lover'snounUS /ˈlʌvərz/

possessive form of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

PreparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

puritynounUS /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

pursenounUS /pɜːrs/

a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women)

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

slenderadjectiveUS /ˈslendər/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

solemnized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

Valladolid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

weddingnounUS /ˈwedɪŋ/

the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading But the royal couple readily borrowed the money necessary to defray the expenses of the wedding.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading After a brief lover’s interview of two hours, Ferdinand returned to Duenas, where he had left his companions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Preparations were immediately made for the marriage, which was solemnized at the palace of one of the nobles in Valladolid, on the morning of the 19th of October, 1469.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Isabella was highly educated for those times, and spoke the Castilian language with grace and purity.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Ferdinand, having lost his slender purse by the way, was without money; and Isabella, being a fugitive from her brother’s court, was also without means.

Chapter 9 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers contain?

Chapter 9 holds 400 sentences of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Common questions about reading The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers?

Yes. All 5992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50510 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50510, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers take to read?

About 499 minutes of reading across 1199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rulers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lydia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Farmer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.