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The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers
The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.
Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.
Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.
Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.
After being strangled by the _garrote_, their bodies were thrown into the flames.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.
/ənd naʊ ɔːl aɪz wɜːr tɜːrnd tuː ðə ˈlɪtəl bænd ʌv ˈθɜːrdiː huː ɪn ðə ɡɑːrb ʌv ˈɪɡnoʊmɪni ənd wɪð roʊps ərˈaʊnd ðer neks wɜːr ˈweɪtɪŋ ðer ˈsentəns/
Line 2
Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.
/ˈmeni ʌv ðiːz wɜːr men ˌɪˈlʌstriəs fɔːr ræŋk ənd stɪl mɔːr rɪˈnaʊnd fɔːr ˈtælənts ənd ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/
Line 3
Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.
/ðer ˈkaʊntənənsɪz wɜːr wɑːn ənd ˈweɪstɪd ðer freɪmz ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd ənd ˈmeni ʌv ðem wɜːr dɪˈstɔːrtəd baɪ ðə ˈkruːəl ˈmɪnəstri ʌv ðə ræk/
Line 4
Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.
/ðoʊz huː wɜːr ˈwɪlɪŋ tuː meɪk kənˈfeʃən wɜːr əˈlaʊd ðə ˈprɪvlədʒ ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ ˈstræŋɡəld bɪˈfɔːr ðer ˈbɑːdiz wɜːr ɪkˈspoʊzd tuː ðə ˈtɔːrtʃər ʌv ðə ˈfaɪər/
Line 5
After being strangled by the _garrote_, their bodies were thrown into the flames.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

countenances noun US /ˈkaʊntənənsɪz/

plural of “countenance” — the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading “Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.”

distorted adjective US /dɪˈstɔːrtəd/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading “Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.”

emaciated adjective US /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading “Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.”

frames noun US /freɪmz/

plural of “frame” — the framework for a pair of eyeglasses

From this reading “Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.”

ignominy noun US /ˈɪɡnoʊmɪni/

a state of dishonor

From this reading ““And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.”

ministry noun US /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading “Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.”

renowned adjective US /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.”

strangled adjective US /ˈstræŋɡəld/

held in check with difficulty

From this reading “Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

little band adjective + noun

In this reading ““And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After being strangled by the _garrote_, their bodies were thrown into the flames.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

confessionnounUS /kənˈfeʃən/

an admission of misdeeds or faults

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

countenancesnounUS /ˈkaʊntənənsɪz/

plural of “countenance” — the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

distortedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɔːrtəd/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

emaciatedadjectiveUS /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

flamesnounUS /fleɪmz/

plural of “flame” — the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke

From this reading After being strangled by the _garrote_, their bodies were thrown into the flames.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

framesnounUS /freɪmz/

plural of “frame” — the framework for a pair of eyeglasses

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

garbnounUS /ɡɑːrb/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

garrotenoun

an instrument of execution for execution by strangulation

From this reading After being strangled by the _garrote_, their bodies were thrown into the flames.

ignominynounUS /ˈɪɡnoʊmɪni/

a state of dishonor

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

illustriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlʌstriəs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading After being strangled by the _garrote_, their bodies were thrown into the flames.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

ministrynounUS /ˈmɪnəstri/

religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

necksnounUS /neks/

plural of “neck” — the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

rackverbUS /ræk/

go at a rack

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

ropesnounUS /roʊps/

plural of “rope” — a strong line

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

strangledadjectiveUS /ˈstræŋɡəld/

held in check with difficulty

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading After being strangled by the _garrote_, their bodies were thrown into the flames.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

tortureverbUS /ˈtɔːrtʃər/

torment emotionally or mentally

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading Many of these were men illustrious for rank, and still more renowned for talents and virtues.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

wanadjectiveUS /wɑːn/

(of light) lacking in intensity or brightness; dim or feeble

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading Their countenances were wan and wasted, their frames emaciated, and many of them were distorted by the cruel ministry of the rack.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading Those who were willing to make confession were allowed the privilege of being strangled before their bodies were exposed to the torture of the fire.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “And now all eyes were turned to the little band of thirty, who, in the garb of ignominy, and with ropes around their necks, were waiting their sentence.

Chapter 10 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer holds 399 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers contain?

Chapter 10 holds 399 sentences of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 399 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Common questions about reading The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers by Lydia Hoyt Farmer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers?

Yes. All 5992 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50510 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50510, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers take to read?

About 499 minutes of reading across 1199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rulers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lydia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Farmer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Famous Rulers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.