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The Boy's Book of Heroes
The Boy's Book of Heroes

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Boy's Book of Heroes is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
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Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.
The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.
When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.
The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.
He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy's Book of Heroes

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Boy's Book of Heroes is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.
Line 2
The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.
Line 3
When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.
/wen ɪt wɑːz æt ɪts ˈɡreɪtəst haɪt kəˈlʌmbəs rɪˈtaɪrd tuː hɪz ˈkæbən ənd roʊt tuː ˈkɑːpiz ʌv ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən ʌv ðə lændz hiː hæd siːn ðen hiː ræpt ðem ɪn wæks ənd pʊt ðem ˈɪntuː tuː kæsks wʌn ʌv wɪtʃ hiː θruː ˈɪntuː ðə siː ənd ðə ˈʌðər hiː pleɪst ɑːn ðə puːp ʌv hɪz ˈvesəl ðæt ɪt maɪt floʊt ɪf ʃiː sæŋk/
Line 4
The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.
/ðə stɔːrm əˈbeɪtɪd bʌt kəˈlʌmbəs wɑːz nɑːt jet ˈdestɪnd tuː rɪˈtɜːrn tuː ˈjʊrəp ɪn piːs/
Line 5
He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abated verb US /əˈbeɪtɪd/

past form of “abate” — make less active or intense

From this reading “The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.”

Azores noun US /əˈzɔːrz/

islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal

From this reading “He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.”

casks noun US /kæsks/

plural of “cask” — the quantity a cask will hold

From this reading “When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.”

Columbus noun US /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading “Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.”

copies noun US /ˈkɑːpiz/

plural of “copy” — a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading “When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.”

desertion noun US /dɪˈzɜːrʃən/

withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility

From this reading “The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.”

excuses noun US /ɪksˈkjuːsɪz/

plural of “excuse” — a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.

From this reading “The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.”

poop noun US /puːp/

obscene terms for feces

From this reading “When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few words adjective + noun

In this reading “The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.”

on the poop preposition + article + noun counted as “on … poop”

In this reading “When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.”

open sea verb + noun

In this reading “The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.”

return thanks verb + noun

In this reading “He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.”

set out verb + adjective

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.”

Some time adjective + noun

In this reading “Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.”

excuses for verb + particle counted as “excuse for”

In this reading “The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.”

dark night noun + noun

In this reading “The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

abatedverbUS /əˈbeɪtɪd/

past form of “abate” — make less active or intense

From this reading The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

AzoresnounUS /əˈzɔːrz/

islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

caravels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

casksnounUS /kæsks/

plural of “cask” — the quantity a cask will hold

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

ColumbusnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

copiesnounUS /ˈkɑːpiz/

plural of “copy” — a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

desertionnounUS /dɪˈzɜːrʃən/

withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.

disappearedverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.

excusesnounUS /ɪksˈkjuːsɪz/

plural of “excuse” — a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

floatverbUS /floʊt/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

IslandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.

Pinta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

poopnounUS /puːp/

obscene terms for feces

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.

sankverbUS /sæŋk/

inflected form of “sink” — fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

tempestnounUS /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

terrificadjectiveUS /tərˈɪfɪk/

very great or intense

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

thanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Some time after Columbus had set out on his journey home, he came in sight of the _Pinta_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading He had touched at the Island of St. Mary, one of the Azores, and half the crew had landed to return thanks to God for their escape from the tempest.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

waxverbUS /wæks/

cover with wax

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The merchant made many excuses for his desertion, but Columbus passed them over with few words, and the vessels kept company until the _Pinta_ again disappeared one dark night during a terrific storm, which surprised the caravels far out in the open sea.

wrappedadjectiveUS /ræpt/

covered with or as if with clothes or a wrap or cloak

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading When it was at its greatest height Columbus retired to his cabin, and wrote two copies of a description of the lands he had seen, then he wrapped them in wax, and put them into two casks, one of which he threw into the sea, and the other he placed on the poop of his vessel, that it might float if she sank.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The storm abated, but Columbus was not yet destined to return to Europe in peace.

Chapter 4 of The Boy's Book of Heroes by Helena Peake holds 445 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Boy's Book of Heroes contain?

Chapter 4 holds 445 sentences of The Boy's Book of Heroes, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Boy's Book of Heroes by Helena Peake exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 445 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Boy's Book of Heroes?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy's Book of Heroes

Common questions about reading The Boy's Book of Heroes by Helena Peake on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy's Book of Heroes?

Yes. All 2247 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37315 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy's Book of Heroes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37315, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy's Book of Heroes take to read?

About 187 minutes of reading across 450 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boy's Book of Heroes section by section

How to work through The Boy's Book of Heroes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Boy's Book of Heroes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boy's Book of Heroes

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy's Book of Heroes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boy's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Book of Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heroes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Book of Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Helena
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Book of Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Peake
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Book of Heroes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.