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The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them
The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.
Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.
At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.
The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.
Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.
/ðə fɜːrst ˈflaɪɪŋ məˈʃiːnz ðə ˈkɑːŋkwest ʌv ðə er wɑːz nɑːt wʌn baɪ ə ˈhæpi ˈæksədənt ʌv ˌɪnˈvenʃən/
Line 2
Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.
/lɔːŋ bɪˈfɔːr mæn lɜːrnd tuː flaɪ ðə ˈsaɪəns ʌv ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən hæd tuː biː kriˈeɪtəd baɪ ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən ənd ɪkˈsperəmənt/
Line 3
At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.
/æt fɜːrst wɪð ˈveri kruːd əˈtempts ə ɡreɪt ˈmeni ˈflaɪɪŋ məˈʃiːnz hæd tuː biː bɪlt ənd ˈmeni lɪvz ˈsækrəfaɪst ɪn ˈflaɪɪŋ ðem/
Line 4
The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.
Line 5
Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.
/ˈprɑːbəbliː noʊ ˈʌðər ɡreɪt ˌɪnˈvenʃən hæz riˈkwaɪərd sʌtʃ lɔːŋ ənd ˈpeɪʃənt ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aviation noun US /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading “Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.”

crude adjective US /kruːd/

not carefully or expertly made

From this reading “At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.”

currents noun US /ˈkɜːrənts/

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading “The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.”

investigation noun US /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən/

an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading “Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.”

machines noun US /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading “THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.”

mechanism noun US /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading “The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.”

planes noun US /pleɪnz/

plural of “plane” — an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading “The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.”

sacrificed verb US /ˈsækrəfaɪst/

past form of “sacrifice” — endure the loss of

From this reading “At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

FLYING MACHINES adjective + noun counted as “flying machine”

In this reading “THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.”

exact nature adjective + noun

In this reading “The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.”

happy accident adjective + noun

In this reading “THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.”

created by verb + particle counted as “create by”

In this reading “Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

aviationnounUS /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

aëroplane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

createdverbUS /kriˈeɪtəd/

past form of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

crudeadjectiveUS /kruːd/

not carefully or expertly made

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

currentsnounUS /ˈkɜːrənts/

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

FLYINGadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

investigationnounUS /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən/

an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

invisibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl/

impossible or nearly impossible to see; imperceptible by the eye

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

MACHINESnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

mechanismnounUS /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

planesnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plane” — an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

ProbablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

sacrificedverbUS /ˈsækrəfaɪst/

past form of “sacrifice” — endure the loss of

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Probably no other great invention has required such long and patient preparation.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Long before man learned to fly the science of aviation had to be created by investigation and experiment.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading The exact nature of the invisible air currents and the action of wings and planes, were to be learned before the delicate mechanism of the modern aëroplane was possible.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At first with very crude attempts, a great many flying machines had to be built, and many lives sacrificed in flying them.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading THE FIRST FLYING MACHINES The conquest of the air was not won by a happy accident of invention.

Chapter 11 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them by Francis A. (Francis Arnold) Collins holds 61 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them contain?

Chapter 11 holds 61 sentences of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them by Francis A. (Francis Arnold) Collins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 61 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Common questions about reading The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them by Francis A. (Francis Arnold) Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them?

Yes. All 1701 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67683 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67683, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 341 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them section by section

How to work through The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sport
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calendar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nowadays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Roplane
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.