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The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them
The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.
Aviation has been developed to an exact science.
It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.
The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.
The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.
Line 2
Aviation has been developed to an exact science.
/ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən hæz bɪn dɪˈveləpt tuː æn ɪɡˈzækt ˈsaɪəns/
Line 3
It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.
/ɪt hæd ˈteɪkən ˈsentʃəriz ʌv ˈfeɪljər tuː tiːtʃ mæn ðæt hiː kʊd nɑːt flaɪ baɪ ˈflæpɪŋ hɪz wɪŋz laɪk ðə bɜːrdz bʌt ðə aɪˈdiːə wɑːz æt læst əˈbændənd/
Line 4
The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.
Line 5
The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.
/ðə ˈmɑːrvələs dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ˈmɑːdərn məˈkænɪks əˈspeʃli ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ʌv laɪt ənd ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈmoʊtərz wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ ʌv ɡreɪt ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aviation noun US /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading “Aviation has been developed to an exact science.”

developing adjective US /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading “DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.”

flapping noun US /ˈflæpɪŋ/

the motion made by flapping up and down

From this reading “It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.”

intelligently adverb US /ˌɪnˈtelɪdʒəntli/

in an intelligent manner

From this reading “The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.”

mechanics noun US /məˈkænɪks/

the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference

From this reading “The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.”

models noun US /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.”

motors noun US /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading “The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.”

twentieth noun US /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading “DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twentieth century noun + noun

the century from 1901 to 2000

In this reading “DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.”

exact science adjective + noun

In this reading “Aviation has been developed to an exact science.”

great importance adjective + noun

In this reading “The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.”

like the birds verb + article + noun counted as “like … bird”

In this reading “It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

AEROPLANEnoun

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

AviationnounUS /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

DEVELOPINGadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

efficientadjectiveUS /ɪˈfɪʃənt/

being effective without wasting time or effort or expense

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

flappingnounUS /ˈflæpɪŋ/

the motion made by flapping up and down

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

heavier-than-airadjective

relating to an aircraft heavier than the air it displaces

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

intelligentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtelɪdʒəntli/

in an intelligent manner

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

marvellousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrvələs/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

mechanicsnounUS /məˈkænɪks/

the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

modelsnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

motorsnounUS /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading The marvellous development of modern mechanics, especially the building of light and efficient motors, was also of great importance.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

teachverbUS /tiːtʃ/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Aviation has been developed to an exact science.

twentiethnounUS /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The birds were still the models of the heavier-than-air machines, but man had at last learned to study them more intelligently.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading It had taken centuries of failure to teach man that he could not fly by flapping his wings like the birds but the idea was at last abandoned.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading DEVELOPING THE AEROPLANE The opening of the twentieth century found the world well prepared for actual conquest of the air.

Chapter 12 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them by Francis A. (Francis Arnold) Collins holds 93 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them contain?

Chapter 12 holds 93 sentences of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them by Francis A. (Francis Arnold) Collins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 93 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Common questions about reading The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them by Francis A. (Francis Arnold) Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them?

Yes. All 1701 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67683 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67683, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 341 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them section by section

How to work through The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sport
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calendar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nowadays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Roplane
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes How to Build and Fly Them; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.