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The Boys' Book of Submarines
The Boys' Book of Submarines

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of The Boys' Book of Submarines is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.
Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.
In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.
As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.
These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boys' Book of Submarines

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of The Boys' Book of Submarines is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.
/ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈsʌbməriːn ˈdedliər ɪt wʊd ˈnætʃərəli biː səˈpoʊzd ðæt ə ˈsʌbməriːn ˈkæriɪŋ eɪt ɔːr mɔːr tɔːrˈpiːdoʊz ɪz əˈbaʊt æz dɪˈstrʌktɪv æn ˈendʒən æz ˈhjuːmən ˌɪndʒəˈnuːətiː kʊd dɪˈvaɪz bʌt nɑːt soʊ fɔːr ðer ɑːr ˈʌðər mjuːˈnɪʃənz ʌv ˈwɔːrfer wɪð wɪtʃ ɪt ɪz ɪˈkwɪpt ðæt meɪk ɪt ˈiːvɪn ˈdedliər/
Line 2
Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.
Line 3
In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.
Line 4
As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.
Line 5
These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.
/ðiːz ɡʌnz ɑːr ˈmaʊntəd fɔːr ənd æft ɑːn ðə dek ʌv ðə ˈsʌbməriːn ənd ðeɪ ɑːr juːzd tuː brɪŋ daʊn smɔːl ʃɪps ənd ˈɔːlsoʊ tuː eˈneɪbəl ðə ˌʌndərˈsiː kræft tuː dɪˈfend hərˈself əˈɡenst ˈsʌbməriːn ˈtʃeɪsərz ˈerpleɪnz ɔːr əˈkeɪʒənəli wen ʃiː ɪz sərˈpraɪzd baɪ ə dɪˈstrɔɪər ɔːr ˈʌðər ɑːrmd ʃɪp wɪtʃ meɪ ɡet wɪˈðɪn ˈfaɪrɪŋ reɪndʒ ənd əˈtæk hɜːr bɪˈfɔːr ʃiː hæz taɪm tuː daɪv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

airplanes noun US /ˈerpleɪnz/

plural of “airplane” — an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading “These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.”

chasers noun US /ˈtʃeɪsərz/

plural of “chaser” — a person who is pursuing and trying to overtake or capture

deadlier adjective US /ˈdedliər/

comparative of “deadly” — causing or capable of causing death

From this reading “MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.”

merchantmen noun US /ˈmɜːrtʃəntmɪn/

plural of “merchantman” — a cargo ship

From this reading “In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.”

munitions noun US /mjuːˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “munition” — weapons considered collectively

From this reading “Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.”

torpedoes noun US /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊz/

plural of “torpedo” — a professional killer who uses a gun

From this reading “MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.”

trawlers noun US /ˈtrɔːlərz/

plural of “trawler” — a fisherman who use a trawl net

From this reading “As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.”

undersea adjective US /ˌʌndərˈsiː/

beneath the surface of the sea

From this reading “These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

valuable cargoes adjective + noun counted as “valuable cargo”

In this reading “As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.”

human ingenuity adjective + noun

In this reading “MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.”

machine guns noun + noun counted as “machine gun”

a rapidly firing automatic gun (often mounted)

In this reading “Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.”

smaller craft adjective + noun

In this reading “As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.”

civilized country adjective + noun

In this reading “In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.”

last chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.”

by means preposition + noun

In this reading “As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.”

All words in this reading · 152

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

aftadverbUS /æft/

at or near or toward the stern of a ship or tail of an airplane

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

airplanesnounUS /ˈerpleɪnz/

plural of “airplane” — an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

AlliesnounUS /ˈælaɪz/

the alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

automobilenounUS /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

cargoesnounUS /ˈkɑːrɡoʊz/

plural of “cargo” — goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

chasersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪsərz/

plural of “chaser” — a person who is pursuing and trying to overtake or capture

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

civilizedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

costlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

craftnounUS /kræft/

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

DEADLIERadjectiveUS /ˈdedliər/

comparative of “deadly” — causing or capable of causing death

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

destroyernounUS /dɪˈstrɔɪər/

a small fast lightly armored but heavily armed warship

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

destructiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

deviseverbUS /dɪˈvaɪz/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

divenounUS /daɪv/

a cheap disreputable nightclub or dance hall

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

equippedadjectiveUS /ɪˈkwɪpt/

provided or fitted out with what is necessary or useful or appropriate

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

firingnounUS /ˈfaɪrɪŋ/

the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

forenounUS /fɔːr/

front part of a vessel or aircraft

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

ingenuitynounUS /ˌɪndʒəˈnuːətiː/

the power of creative imagination

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

largestadjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒəst/

superlative of “large” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

MAKINGnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

merchantmennounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃəntmɪn/

plural of “merchantman” — a cargo ship

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

minesnounUS /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

munitionsnounUS /mjuːˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “munition” — weapons considered collectively

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

neutraladjectiveUS /ˈnuːtrəl/

having no personal preference

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

rapid-fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

sinkingnounUS /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/

a descent as through liquid (especially through water)

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

starveverbUS /stɑːrv/

be hungry; go without food

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

SUBMARINEnounUS /ˈsʌbməriːn/

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

torpedonounUS /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊ/

a professional killer who uses a gun

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

torpedoesnounUS /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊz/

plural of “torpedo” — a professional killer who uses a gun

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

trawlersnounUS /ˈtrɔːlərz/

plural of “trawler” — a fisherman who use a trawl net

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

U-boatnoun

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

unarmedadjectiveUS /əˈnɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) not having or using arms

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

underseaadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈsiː/

beneath the surface of the sea

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

weaponnounUS /ˈwepən/

any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading As the torpedo is such a costly weapon, it would not do to waste it on sinking any but the largest ships, or those carrying valuable cargoes; but the same policy of Germany, which is to starve out the Allies, also calls for sinking the smaller craft, such as trawlers and unarmed merchantmen, and this is done by means of _rapid-fire machine guns_.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In the present war Germany has undertaken the gigantic task of sinking all the merchantmen, not only of the Allies but of the neutral countries as well, and it is this U-boat policy which has brought her into a state of war with nearly every civilized country on the face of the earth.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading These guns are mounted fore and aft on the deck of the submarine, and they are used to bring down small ships and also to enable the undersea craft to defend herself against _submarine chasers_, airplanes, or occasionally when she is surprised by a destroyer or other armed ship which may get within firing range and attack her before she has time to dive.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Now, the word _munitions_ means war materials of every kind—except, of course, men and money; but on a submarine the munitions are limited to (1) the _automobile torpedo_, which we have described in the last chapter; (2) _rapid-fire machine guns_, and (3) _submarine mines_.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading MAKING THE SUBMARINE DEADLIER IT would naturally be supposed that a submarine carrying eight or more torpedoes is about as destructive an engine as human ingenuity could devise; but not so, for there are other _munitions_ of warfare with which it is equipped that make it even deadlier.

Chapter 6 of The Boys' Book of Submarines by A. Frederick (Archie Frederick) Collins holds 69 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of The Boys' Book of Submarines contain?

Chapter 6 holds 69 sentences of The Boys' Book of Submarines, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of The Boys' Book of Submarines by A. Frederick (Archie Frederick) Collins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 69 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of The Boys' Book of Submarines?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boys' Book of Submarines

Common questions about reading The Boys' Book of Submarines by A. Frederick (Archie Frederick) Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boys' Book of Submarines?

Yes. All 1241 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49873 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boys' Book of Submarines is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49873, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boys' Book of Submarines take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 249 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boys' Book of Submarines section by section

How to work through The Boys' Book of Submarines section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Boys' Book of Submarines to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Boys' Book of Submarines

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boys' Book of Submarines, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frederick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Submarines; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Submarines; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Submarines; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Inventing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boys' Book of Submarines; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.