Chapter VI

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Scots are bold, hardy, and much inured to war.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

fearless and daring

From this reading The Scots are bold, hardy, and much inured to war.

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

take in liquids

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

apart from; not including

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

plural of “galloway” — a district in southwestern Scotland

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

disabled in the feet or legs

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading The Scots are bold, hardy, and much inured to war.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

the back of a horse

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading The Scots are bold, hardy, and much inured to war.

plural of “invasion” — the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

engage in

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

social deportment

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

march in a procession

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The Scots are bold, hardy, and much inured to war.

not one and not the other of two

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

not any; not one

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

the northernmost county of England; has many Roman remains (including Hadrian's Wall)

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

go across or through

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The knights and esquires are well mounted on large bay horses, the common people on little galloways.

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

the state of being sober and not intoxicated by alcohol

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

wet through and through; thoroughly wet

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Scots are bold, hardy, and much inured to war.

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading OF THE MANNERS OF THE SCOTS, AND HOW THEY CARRY ON WAR.

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

at the time that

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

which person or people

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

in the company of; together with

From this reading They bring no carriages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions of bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, and drink the river-water without wine.

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading When they make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four and twenty miles without halting, as well by night as day; for they are all on horseback, except the camp-followers, who are on foot.