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The Boy's Playbook of Science
The Boy's Playbook of Science

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Boy's Playbook of Science is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.
This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.
They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.
[Page 152] CARBON.
Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Boy's Playbook of Science

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Boy's Playbook of Science is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.
/ˈkɑːrbən ˈbɔːrɑːn ˈsɪləkən səˈliːniəm ˈsʌlfər ˈfɑːsfərəs/
Line 2
This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.
Line 3
They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.
Line 4
[Page 152] CARBON.
Line 5
Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boron noun US /ˈbɔːrɑːn/

a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder

From this reading “CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.”

carbon noun US /ˈkɑːrbən/

an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds

From this reading “CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.”

Combining noun US /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading “Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.”

phosphorus noun US /ˈfɑːsfərəs/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading “CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.”

selenium noun US /səˈliːniəm/

a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium

From this reading “CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.”

silicon noun US /ˈsɪləkən/

a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors

From this reading “CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.”

solids noun US /ˈsɑːlədz/

plural of “solid” — matter that is solid at room temperature and pressure

From this reading “This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.”

subdivided verb US /ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “subdivide” — form into subdivisions

From this reading “They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

152

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Page 152] CARBON.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

alliedadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

belongingnounUS /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

happiness felt in a secure relationship

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

BORONnounUS /ˈbɔːrɑːn/

a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder

From this reading CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

CARBONnounUS /ˈkɑːrbən/

an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds

From this reading CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

CombiningnounUS /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

metallicadjectiveUS /məˈtælɪk/

containing or made of or resembling or characteristic of a metal

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

Metalloids

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

non-metallic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

PagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading [Page 152] CARBON.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

PHOSPHORUSnounUS /ˈfɑːsfərəs/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.

possessingverbUS /pəˈzesɪŋ/

-ing form of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

propertiesnounUS /ˈprɑːpərtiz/

plural of “property” — something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

ProportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.

SELENIUMnounUS /səˈliːniəm/

a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium

From this reading CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.

SILICONnounUS /ˈsɪləkən/

a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors

From this reading CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.

solidsnounUS /ˈsɑːlədz/

plural of “solid” — matter that is solid at room temperature and pressure

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

styledverbUS /staɪld/

past form of “style” — designate by an identifying term

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

subdividedverbUS /ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “subdivide” — form into subdivisions

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

substancenounUS /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

substancesnounUS /ˈsʌbstənsəz/

plural of “substance” — the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

SULPHURverbUS /ˈsʌlfər/

treat with sulphur in order to preserve

From this reading CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS.

SymbolnounUS /ˈsɪmbəl/

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

viz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other--viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus.

Chapter 13 of The Boy's Playbook of Science by John Henry Pepper holds 211 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Boy's Playbook of Science contain?

Chapter 13 holds 211 sentences of The Boy's Playbook of Science, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Boy's Playbook of Science by John Henry Pepper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 211 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Boy's Playbook of Science?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Boy's Playbook of Science

Common questions about reading The Boy's Playbook of Science by John Henry Pepper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Boy's Playbook of Science?

Yes. All 4206 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41839 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Boy's Playbook of Science is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41839, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Boy's Playbook of Science take to read?

About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Boy's Playbook of Science section by section

How to work through The Boy's Playbook of Science section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Boy's Playbook of Science

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Boy's Playbook of Science, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chemical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Playbook of Science; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Philosophical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Playbook of Science; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Apparatus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Playbook of Science; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Required
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Boy's Playbook of Science; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.