Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Bravo: A Tale
The Bravo: A Tale

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Bravo: A Tale is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Bravo: A Tale
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."
MARINO FALIERO.
Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.
Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.
There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bravo: A Tale

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Bravo: A Tale is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."
Line 2
MARINO FALIERO.
Line 3
Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.
Line 4
Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.
/ˈeɪdʒənts ʌv ðə pəˈliːs hæd bɪn ˈæktɪv ɪn priˈperɪŋ ðə ˈpʌblɪk maɪnd ənd æz ðə sʌn roʊz əˈbʌv ðə ˈneroʊ siː ðə skwerz bɪˈɡæn tuː fɪl/
Line 5
There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

circumspect adjective US /ˈsɜːrkəmspekt/

heedful of potential consequences

From this reading “There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.”

frequented verb US /ˈfriːkwəntɪd/

past form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.”

knell verb US /nel/

ring as in announcing death

From this reading “"On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."”

laborers noun US /ˈleɪbərərz/

plural of “laborer” — someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading “There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.”

marino noun US /mərˈiːnoʊ/

Italian poet (1569-1625)

From this reading “MARINO FALIERO.”

mart noun US /mɑːrt/

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

From this reading “There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.”

masked adjective US /mæskt/

having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading

From this reading “There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.”

squares noun US /skwerz/

plural of “square” — (geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon

From this reading “Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

AgentsnounUS /ˈeɪdʒənts/

plural of “agent” — an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

attentiveadjectiveUS /əˈtentɪv/

(often followed by “to”) giving care or attention

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

awenounUS /ɑː/

an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

bare-legged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

circumspectadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrkəmspekt/

heedful of potential consequences

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

cloaknounUS /kloʊk/

anything that covers or conceals

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

decliningverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

FALIERO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MARINO FALIERO.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

frequentedverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntɪd/

past form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

gaberdinenoun

a loose coverall (coat or frock) reaching down to the ankles

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

HebrewnounUS /ˈhiːbruː/

the ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

knellverbUS /nel/

ring as in announcing death

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

laborersnounUS /ˈleɪbərərz/

plural of “laborer” — someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

MARINOnounUS /mərˈiːnoʊ/

Italian poet (1569-1625)

From this reading MARINO FALIERO.

martnounUS /mɑːrt/

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

maskedadjectiveUS /mæskt/

having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

policenounUS /pəˈliːs/

the force of policemen and officers

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

preparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

squaresnounUS /skwerz/

plural of “square” — (geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Agents of the police had been active in preparing the public mind, and as the sun rose above the narrow sea, the squares began to fill.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

Venetians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another morning called the Venetians to their affairs.

VenicenounUS /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading "On--on-- It Is our knell, or that of Venice.--On."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

wonderingadjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərɪŋ/

showing curiosity

From this reading There were present the curious citizen in his, cloak and cap, bare-legged laborers in wondering awe, the circumspect Hebrew in his gaberdine and beard, masked gentlemen, and many an attentive stranger from among the thousands who still frequented that declining mart.

Chapter 31 of The Bravo: A Tale by James Fenimore Cooper holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Bravo: A Tale contain?

Chapter 31 holds 130 sentences of The Bravo: A Tale, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Bravo: A Tale by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Bravo: A Tale?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bravo: A Tale

Common questions about reading The Bravo: A Tale by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bravo: A Tale?

Yes. All 6709 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10363 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bravo: A Tale is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10363, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bravo: A Tale take to read?

About 559 minutes of reading across 1342 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bravo: A Tale section by section

How to work through The Bravo: A Tale section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Bravo: A Tale to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bravo: A Tale

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bravo: A Tale, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bravo: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Venice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bravo: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bridge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bravo: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sighs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bravo: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.