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The British Jugernath
The British Jugernath

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The British Jugernath is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The British Jugernath
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
POLITICAL EXTRAVAGANCE.
You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.
Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.
Look!” you say, at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.
This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The British Jugernath

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The British Jugernath is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
POLITICAL EXTRAVAGANCE.
/pəˈlɪtəkəl ekˈstrævəɡəns/
Line 2
You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.
/juː ɑːr ˈveri fɑːnd maɪ frend ʌv ˈtɔːkɪŋ əˈbaʊt pəˈlɪtəkəl ɪˈkɑːnəmi/
Line 3
Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.
/səˈpoʊz fɔːr ə tʃeɪndʒ wiː dɪˈskʌs ə ˈsɜːrtən pəˈlɪtəkəl ekˈstrævəɡəns ʌv wɪtʃ juː ɑːr ˈɡɪlti/
Line 4
Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.
Line 5
This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.”
/ðɪs ˌreprɪˈzents ðə ˈænjuːəl əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃən ʌv ˈaʊər ˈnæʃənəl welθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accumulation noun US /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃən/

an increase by natural growth or addition

From this reading “This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.””

annual adjective US /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading ““Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.”

economy noun US /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading “You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.”

excess noun US /ˈekses/

a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading ““Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.”

exports noun US /ˈekspɔːrts/

plural of “export” — commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country

From this reading ““Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.”

extravagance noun US /ekˈstrævəɡəns/

the quality of exceeding the appropriate limits of decorum or probability or truth

From this reading “POLITICAL EXTRAVAGANCE.”

imports noun US /ˌɪmˈpɔːrts/

plural of “import” — commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading ““Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.”

represents verb US /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading “This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

political economy adjective + noun

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

In this reading “You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.”

visible signs adjective + noun counted as “visible sign”

In this reading ““Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.”

free trade verb + noun

international trade free of government interference

In this reading ““Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

100,000,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

accumulationnounUS /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃən/

an increase by natural growth or addition

From this reading This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.”

annualadjectiveUS /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

discussverbUS /dɪˈskʌs/

to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

economynounUS /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

excessnounUS /ˈekses/

a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

exportsnounUS /ˈekspɔːrts/

plural of “export” — commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

EXTRAVAGANCEnounUS /ekˈstrævəɡəns/

the quality of exceeding the appropriate limits of decorum or probability or truth

From this reading POLITICAL EXTRAVAGANCE.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

guiltyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪlti/

responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

importsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrts/

plural of “import” — commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

LookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

POLITICALadjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading POLITICAL EXTRAVAGANCE.

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

representsverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.”

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

SupposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.”

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading “Look!” you say, “at the visible signs of prosperity caused by free trade, our annual imports are in excess of our exports by £100,000,000.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading This represents the annual accumulation of our national wealth.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Suppose, for a change, we discuss a certain political extravagance, of which you are guilty.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You are very fond, my Friend, of talking about political economy.

Chapter 7 of The British Jugernath by Guilford L. (Guilford Lindsey) Molesworth holds 57 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The British Jugernath contain?

Chapter 7 holds 57 sentences of The British Jugernath, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The British Jugernath by Guilford L. (Guilford Lindsey) Molesworth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 57 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The British Jugernath?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The British Jugernath

Common questions about reading The British Jugernath by Guilford L. (Guilford Lindsey) Molesworth on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The British Jugernath?

Yes. All 1352 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55493 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The British Jugernath is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55493, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The British Jugernath take to read?

About 112 minutes of reading across 271 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The British Jugernath section by section

How to work through The British Jugernath section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of The British Jugernath to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The British Jugernath

Words and structures a reader meets early in The British Jugernath, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The British Jugernath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The British Jugernath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The British Jugernath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Footnotes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The British Jugernath; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.