Chapter VII

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

plural of “ca” — a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The King is went till his luging.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The King is went till his luging.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

range of what one can know or understand

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The King is went till his luging.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

riding a light one-man toboggan

From this reading The King is went till his luging.

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

the force of workers available

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Nazi militia created by Hitler in 1921 that helped him to power but was eclipsed by the SS after 1943

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The King is went till his luging.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

up to a particular time

From this reading The King is went till his luging.

-ing form of “tithe” — exact a tithe from

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of his dede soyn com tithing To Schir Ingerame the Umphrevell, That thoucht his sutelte and gyle 4 Had all falyheit in-to that place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “War he nocht outrageous hardy “He had nocht swa unabasitly 20 “Sa smertly seyn his avantage.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

German composer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht (1900-1950)

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The King is went till his luging.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor anoyit swa he wes, That he agane to Lowdiane To Schir Amer his gate has tane; 8 And till him tald all haill the cas, That tharof all forwounderit was, How ony man sa suddandly Micht do so gret a chevelry, 12 As did the King, that, him alane, Vengeans of thre tratouris has tane.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He said, “Certis I may weill se “That it is all gret certante 16 “That ure helpis ay hardy men; “As be this deid yhe may weill ken.