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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Bruce is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.
[Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.
4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.
8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.
Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Bruce is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.
Line 2
[Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.
Line 3
4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.
Line 4
8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.
Line 5
Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bath noun US /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading “[Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.”

Bruce noun US /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

Douglas noun US /ˈdʌɡləs/

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading “How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.”

James noun US /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading “How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.”

maid noun US /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading “4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.”

mast noun US /mæst/

a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading “8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.”

Philip noun US /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading “How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.”

weill noun US /waɪl/

German composer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht (1900-1950)

From this reading “4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many men adjective + noun

In this reading “How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

12

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

1307

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

Amer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

bathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

begonnyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

ces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

com

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

Cunyngame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

discomfitednoun

people who are defeated

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

DouglasnounUS /ˈdʌɡləs/

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

Ederford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

eftirward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

evirilkane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

fayn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

fors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

fra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

Gadert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

gane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

gert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

gud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

helde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

Kyle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

maidnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

mastnounUS /mæst/

a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

menyhe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

montanis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

Mowbray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

mycht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

nocht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

obeysand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

pesnoun

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

planys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

Schir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

senyhory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

straucht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

Syne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Syne eftirward, or he wald ces, 12 Of Cunyngame the mast party He gert helde till his senyhory.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

travalyng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

wald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

weillnounUS /waɪl/

German composer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht (1900-1950)

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading 8 To Kyle first went he, and that land He maid till him all obeysand: The men mast fors com till his pes.

wist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 For he wald fayn that end war maid Of that at he begonnyn had, And he wist weill he mycht nocht bring It to gud end but travalyng.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading How James of Douglas discomfited then At Ederford Philip Mowbray with many men.

woddis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1307] _Bruce leaves the Mountains_] The King, fra Schir Amer was gane, Gadert his menyhe evirilkane; And left bath woddis and montanis, And held his way straucht to the planys.

Chapter 8 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 128 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 8 holds 128 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 128 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Bruce?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.