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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Bruce is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Here the King passes against John of Lorn.
[Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.
Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.
20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.
On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Bruce is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Here the King passes against John of Lorn.
Line 2
[Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.
Line 3
Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.
Line 4
20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.
Line 5
On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ane adjective US /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading “Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.”

Bot noun US /bɔːt/

botfly larva; typically develops inside the body of a horse or sheep or human

From this reading “Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.”

crag noun US /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading “20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.”

felony noun US /ˈfeləni/

a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

From this reading “[Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.”

ilk noun US /ɪlk/

a kind of person

From this reading “Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.”

occupies verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪz/

third-person singular of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading “[Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.”

thai adjective US /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading “Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.”

wis noun US /wɪs/

plural of “wi” — a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading “[Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

12

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

1308

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

16

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

24

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

aneadjectiveUS /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

aray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

assemblit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

bathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

behufit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

BotnounUS /bɔːt/

botfly larva; typically develops inside the body of a horse or sheep or human

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

com

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

cragnounUS /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

cummyng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

cumrous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

devis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

dispit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

doun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

duell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

ek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

evill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

felonynounUS /ˈfeləni/

a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

fra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

ganounUS /ɡɑː/

the first known nerve agent, synthesized by German chemists in 1936; a highly toxic combustible liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and is used as a nerve gas in chemical warfare

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

gaderit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

gud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

gude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

heirnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

hyduous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

hye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

hyllis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

ilknounUS /ɪlk/

a kind of person

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

in-to

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

Johne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

keping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

Lang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

Lorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

Lorne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

montaneadjective

of or inhabiting mountainous regions

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

mycht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

nethir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

nocht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

occupiesverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪz/

third-person singular of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

owthir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

pasnounUS /pɑːz/

(ballet) a step in dancing (especially in classical ballet)

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

PassverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

perelous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

Quhar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

Qwhen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

Randol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

Raucht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

ryde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

sammyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

scath

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

schoir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

senounUS /seɪ/

a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium

From this reading 20 The nethir half wes perelous; For a schoir crag, hye and hyduous, Raucht till the se, doun fra the pas.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

soyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

spak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

spekenoun

English explorer who with Sir Richard Burton was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika; he also discovered Lake Victoria and named it (1827-1864)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading On the owthir half ane montane was 24 So cumrous and ek so stay, That it wes hard to pas that way.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

strat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

syde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

takyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

thaiadjectiveUS /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

thame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Here the King passes against John of Lorn.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

thoucht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

trow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

tuk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

twa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

Wes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

wisnounUS /wɪs/

plural of “wi” — a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [Sidenote: 1308] _John of Lorn occupies a Pass_] Qwhen Thomas Randol, on this wis Wes takyn, as I heir devis, And send to duell in gud keping, For the speke he spak to the King; 4 The gud King, that thoucht on the scath, The dispit and felony bath, That John of Lorne had till him done, His host assemblit he than soyn, 8 And toward Lorn he tuk the way, With his men in-to gude aray.

witteryng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bot Johne of Lorn of his cummyng, Lang or he com, had witteryng; 12 And men on ilk syde gaderit he, I trow twa thousand thai mycht be; And send thame for to stop the way, Quhar the King behufit to ga: 16 And that wes in ane evill place, That so strat and so narrow was, That twa men sammyn mycht nocht ryde In sum place of the hyllis syde.

Chapter 10 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 230 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 10 holds 230 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 230 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Bruce?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.