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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Bruce is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
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[Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.
And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.
15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.
20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.
A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Bruce is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.
Line 2
And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.
Line 3
15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.
Line 4
20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.
Line 5
A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ane adjective US /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading “And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.”

Bot noun US /bɔːt/

botfly larva; typically develops inside the body of a horse or sheep or human

From this reading “20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.”

hale noun US /heɪl/

a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been `I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country' (1755-1776)

From this reading “[Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.”

raid verb US /reɪd/

search without warning, make a sudden surprise attack on

From this reading “[Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.”

sic adverb US /sɪk/

intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)

From this reading “And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.”

thai adjective US /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading “15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.”

wane verb US /weɪn/

grow smaller

From this reading “A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.”

wis noun US /wɪs/

plural of “wi” — a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading “20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

1313

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

abaid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

alwayis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

aneadjectiveUS /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

apon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

aray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

battale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

BotnounUS /bɔːt/

botfly larva; typically develops inside the body of a horse or sheep or human

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

CompactnounUS /ˈkɑːmpækt/

a small cosmetics case with a mirror; to be carried in a woman's purse

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

cumis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

cunnand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

etling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

falyheis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

fecht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

fechting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

foly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

folye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

fulys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

ger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

Giff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

gret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

haff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

haill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

halenounUS /heɪl/

a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been `I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country' (1755-1776)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

herdnounUS /hɜːrd/

a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

hym

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

in-to

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

Ingland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

jugit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

likingnounUS /ˈlaɪkɪŋ/

a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

litill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

lordis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

maidnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

mekill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

mennis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

moneth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

nanounUS /nɑː/

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

nocht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

oftadverbUS /ɔːft/

many times at short intervals

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

planly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

purvait

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

purvay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

quhen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

raidverbUS /reɪd/

search without warning, make a sudden surprise attack on

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

reskew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

rycht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

sayis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

Schir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

Scottis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

sicadverbUS /sɪk/

intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

stane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

Stirling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

Strevilling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

strinth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

succuddry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

suld

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

tald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

ThaiadjectiveUS /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

thair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

thame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

thocht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

thoucht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And quhen the lordis of Ingland Herd at this day wes set planly, Thai jugit it to gret foly, And thoucht till haff all thair liking, Giff men abaid thame in fechting.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

tuelf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

waneverbUS /weɪn/

grow smaller

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

weltir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A litill stane oft, as men sayis, May ger weltir a mekill wane.

wes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

weyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

wisnounUS /wɪs/

plural of “wi” — a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading 20 Bot oft falyheis the fulys thoucht: And wis mennis etling cumis nocht Till sic end as thai weyn alwayis.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

with-stand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen he herd Schir Philip say That Scottis men had set ane day To fecht, and at sic space he had Till purvay hym, he wes rycht glad; 10 And said, it wes gret succuddry That set thame apon sic folye; For he thocht to be, or that day, So purvait, and in sic aray, That thair suld na strinth him with-stand.

writtin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1313] _The Compact about Stirling_] And quhen this cunnand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in-to Ingland raid, And tald the King all haill this tale, How he a tuelf moneth all hale Had, as it writtin wes in thair tale, 5 Till reskew Strevilling with battale.

Chapter 11 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 201 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 11 holds 201 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 201 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Bruce?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.