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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Bruce is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Bruce
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.
Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.
10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.
And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.
He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Bruce is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.
Line 2
Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.
Line 3
10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.
Line 4
And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.
Line 5
He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

als noun US /ælz/

thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs

From this reading “Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.”

ane adjective US /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading “He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.”

cas noun US /kæs/

plural of “ca” — a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals

From this reading “Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.”

raid verb US /reɪd/

search without warning, make a sudden surprise attack on

From this reading “10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.”

slew verb US /sluː/

turn sharply; change direction abruptly

From this reading “How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.”

thai adjective US /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading “Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.”

weill noun US /waɪl/

German composer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht (1900-1950)

From this reading “And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.”

weir noun US /wiːr/

a low dam built across a stream to raise its level or divert its flow

From this reading “And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

alsnounUS /ælz/

thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

aneadjectiveUS /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

apon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

aray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

arayande

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

arayit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

arest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

axnounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

ay-quhar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

barnounUS /bɑːr/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

basnet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

battale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

battall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

Boune

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

casnounUS /kæs/

plural of “ca” — a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

consale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

croune

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

cummand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.

cummyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

DouglasnounUS /ˈdʌɡləs/

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

duelling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

ficht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

Forout

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

furth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

ganounUS /ɡɑː/

the first known nerve agent, synthesized by German chemists in 1936; a highly toxic combustible liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and is used as a nerve gas in chemical warfare

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

gert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

gret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

gude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

haill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.

handaxe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

hande

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

herbery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

hye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

in-to

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

Ingland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

joly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

kyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

Kyng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

Litill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

mair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

menyhe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

nanounUS /nɑː/

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

Neir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

nycht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

othir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

palfray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

ParknounUS /pɑːrk/

a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

Quhar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

quhen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

Quhethir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

quyrbolle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

RaidverbUS /reɪd/

search without warning, make a sudden surprise attack on

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

Scottis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

selfnounUS /self/

your consciousness of your own identity

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

slewverbUS /sluː/

turn sharply; change direction abruptly

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.

straucht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

styntyng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

tais

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

tak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

taknyng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

thaiadjectiveUS /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

thair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

thame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

thar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

thar-upon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He raid apon ane gray palfray, Litill and joly, arayande His battall, with ane ax in hande; 20 And on his basnet hye he bar Ane hat off quyrbolle ay-quhar, And thar-upon, in-to taknyng, Ane hye croune, that he wes ane kyng.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

throu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

tyme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

vaward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

wald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

wayis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

weillnounUS /waɪl/

German composer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht (1900-1950)

From this reading And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.

weirnounUS /wiːr/

a low dam built across a stream to raise its level or divert its flow

From this reading And quhen the Kyng wist at thai weir 15 In haill battale cummand so neir, His battale gert he weill aray.

Wes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now Douglas furth his wayis tais, And in that self tyme fell, throu cas, That the Kyng of Ingland, quhen he Wes cummyn with his gret menyhe Neir to the place, as I said air, 5 Quhar Scottis men arayit war, He gert arest all his battale At othir als to tak consale, Quhethir thai wald herbery thame that nycht, Or than, but mair, ga to the ficht.

wist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 10 The vaward, that wist no kyn thing Of this arest na thair duelling, Raid to the Park all straucht thar way, Forout styntyng, in gude aray.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading How the King slew Sir Henry Boune, With his handaxe, and struck him down.

Chapter 12 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 173 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 12 holds 173 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 173 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Bruce?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.