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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of The Bruce is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.
The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.
Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.
15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.
He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of The Bruce is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.
Line 2
The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.
Line 3
Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.
Line 4
15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.
Line 5
He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

als noun US /ælz/

thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs

From this reading “He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.”

ane adjective US /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading “The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.”

assay noun US /ˈæsi/

an appraisal of the state of affairs

From this reading “He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.”

mak noun US /mæk/

a terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the 1980s to provide money and recruit fighters around the world

From this reading “Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.”

sic adverb US /sɪk/

intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)

From this reading “15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.”

Steward noun US /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading “He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.”

Stewart noun US /ˈstuːərt/

United States film actor who portrayed incorruptible but modest heros (1908-1997)

From this reading “How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.”

thai adjective US /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading “Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

passed into verb + particle counted as “pass into”

In this reading “How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.”

in the land preposition + article + noun counted as “in … land”

In this reading “Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.”

All words in this reading · 133

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

25

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

AirnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

alsnounUS /ælz/

thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

alsua

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

aneadjectiveUS /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

Ardrossane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

assaynounUS /ˈæsi/

an appraisal of the state of affairs

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

bounte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

brothir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

Carrick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

Carrik

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

chevelrous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

consentnounUS /kənˈsent/

permission to do something

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

cumpany

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

Erischry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

Erll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

fechting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

Fergus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

Gaderit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

gret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

gude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

herdnounUS /hɜːrd/

a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

hert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

hicht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

hym

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

In-till

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From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

Inglis

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From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

Irland

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From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

Johne

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

knycht

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

knychtis

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

kyng

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From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

lawte

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From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

libbard

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From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

likingnounUS /ˈlaɪkɪŋ/

a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

litill

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From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

Maii

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From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

maknounUS /mæk/

a terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the 1980s to provide money and recruit fighters around the world

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

Micht

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From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

moneth

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From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

mony

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

Mowbray

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From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

mycht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

Ochterhouse

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From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

othir

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

Ouchtirhous

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

our-cum

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From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

pesnoun

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

purpos

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From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

Ramsay

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From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

Randolph

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From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

richt

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

schippit

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From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

Schir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

sekir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

sicadverbUS /sɪk/

intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

Soulis

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From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

Sowlis

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From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

StewardnounUS /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

StewartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States film actor who portrayed incorruptible but modest heros (1908-1997)

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

stowtar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

straucht

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From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

suld

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From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

syne

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From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

tanounUS /tɑː/

a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

thaiadjectiveUS /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

thair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

thame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

thar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

Tharfor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

Thoucht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

treting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

tuk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

wald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading 15 And he, that hard thame mak sic hicht, In-till his hert had gret liking: And, with the consent of the King, Gaderit hym men of gret bounte, And at Air syne schippit he, 20 In-till the next moneth of Maii; Till Irland held he straucht his way.

wes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

wicht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The Erll of Carrik, Schir Edward, That stowtar wes than ane libbard, And had no will till be in pes, Thoucht that Scotland to litill wes Till his brothir and him alsua; 5 Tharfor till purpos can he ta, That he of Irland wald be kyng.

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading How the Earl of Carrick passed into Ireland to win it, and with him Earl Thomas Randolph and Sir Philip the Mowbray, Sir John Stewart, Sir John Soulis, and Ramsay of Ochterhouse.

With-thi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

wonnand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tharfor he send and had treting With the Erischry of Irland, That in thar lawte tuk on hand 10 Of Irland for to mak hym king, With-thi that he with hard fechting Micht our-cum the Inglis men, That in the land war wonnand then; And thai suld help with all thair mycht.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading He had thair in his cumpany The Erll Thomas that wes worthy, And good Schir Philip the Mowbray, 25 That sekir wes in herd assay; Schir Johne the Sowlis, a gude knycht, And Schir Johne Steward that wes wicht; The Ramsay als of Ouchtirhous, That wes richt wicht and chevelrous; 30 And Schir Fergus de Ardrossane, And othir knychtis mony ane.

Chapter 14 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 14 holds 164 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of The Bruce?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.