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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Bruce is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.
[Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.
A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.
A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.
The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Bruce is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.
Line 2
[Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.
Line 3
A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.
Line 4
A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.
Line 5
The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ane adjective US /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading “A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.”

Bruce noun US /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading “How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.”

crowned adjective US /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading “How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.”

Dame noun US /deɪm/

informal terms for a (young) woman

From this reading “How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.”

parties noun US /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading “A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.”

Spouse noun US /spaʊs/

a person's partner in marriage

From this reading “How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.”

thai adjective US /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading “The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.”

Treaty noun US /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading “[Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Young Son adjective + noun

In this reading “How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

1327

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

28

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

aneadjectiveUS /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

Apert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

arnounUS /ɑːr/

a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

assaltis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

assege

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

assegis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

assemblit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

Awnwyk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

castellis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

chevelry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

DamenounUS /deɪm/

informal terms for a (young) woman

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

DavidnounUS /ˈdeɪvɪd/

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

delt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

dik

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

douchtely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

eftir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

Erll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

Eschevyt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

ficht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

Fra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

gret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

gud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

Johann

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

maidnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

mony

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

mycht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

nane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

Norhame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

PeacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

quhill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

reparit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

richt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

sege

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

SonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

Soyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

spak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

SpousenounUS /spaʊs/

a person's partner in marriage

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

strat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

thaiadjectiveUS /taɪ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

thair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

thame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

thar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

thir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

thre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A gret host than assemblit he, 5 And delt his host in parties thre.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

tothir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tothir part on to Awnwyk 10 Is went, and thar ane sege set thai; And quhill at thir assegis lay At the castellis, I spak of ar, Apert assaltis maid thai thar: And mony fair gud chevelry 15 Eschevyt wes full douchtely.

TreatynounUS /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

Wardale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A part to Norhame went but let, And thair ane strat assege was set, And held thame in, richt at thar dik.

wes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading [Sidenote: 1327-28] _A Treaty of Peace_] Soyne eftir that the Erll Thomas Fra Wardale thus reparit was, The King assemblit all his mycht, And left nane that wes worth to ficht.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading How Good King Robert the Bruce crowned his Young Son David and Dame Johann, his Spouse.

Chapter 20 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 436 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 20 holds 436 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 436 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Bruce?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.