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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of The Bruce is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).
3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.
He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).
15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).
Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of The Bruce is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).
Line 2
3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.
Line 3
He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).
Line 4
15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).
Line 5
Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Argyle noun US /ˈɑːrɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading “3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.”

Argyll noun US /ɑːrˈɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading “1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).”

Glen noun US /ɡlen/

a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading “Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.”

Peerage noun US /ˈpɪrədʒ/

the peers of a kingdom considered as a group

Scots noun US /skɑːts/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).”

Wales noun US /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading “1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).”

westwards adverb US /ˈwestwərdz/

toward the west

From this reading “Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).”

in the west preposition + article + noun counted as “in … west”

In this reading “15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

11

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

1171

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

1306

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

14

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

1830

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

507

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

Ann

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

ArgylenounUS /ˈɑːrɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

ArgyllnounUS /ɑːrˈɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

auntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

Badenoch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

Bain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

Bknoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

ChapnounUS /tʃæp/

a boy or man

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

Comyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

cxxadjective

being ten more than one hundred ten

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

Dalry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

Dochart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

emys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

eym

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

Fordun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

fryst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

Gesta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

GlennounUS /ɡlen/

a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

iinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

Lorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

Lorne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

Macdougall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

metyng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

murderedadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərd/

killed unlawfully

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

nephewnounUS /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

PeeragenounUS /ˈpɪrədʒ/

the peers of a kingdom considered as a group

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

Perthshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

sak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

ScotsnounUS /skɑːts/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

skirmishnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

StrictlyadverbUS /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

thar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

Tyndrum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

unclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

vinounUS /vaɪ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

viiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was thus the “eym” or uncle of Comyn, not his nephew (_Scots Peerage_, i., 507).

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading 15 _thar fryst metyng._ According to Fordun, this skirmish took place at Dalry (“the King’s field”), near Tyndrum, in the west of Perthshire, on August 11, 1306 (_Gesta Ann._, cxx.).

westwardsadverbUS /ˈwestwərdz/

toward the west

From this reading Bruce was making his way westwards by Glen Dochart.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading 1 _The Lord of Lorne._ Strictly this should be Alexander Macdougall of Argyll or of Lorn, but probably his son, John of Lorn, is meant, as on September 14 Edward writes to the Prince of Wales how “Sir John of Argyll has well served him and the Prince” (_Bain_, ii., No. 1830).

Wyntoun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3 _his emys sak._ Alexander of Argyle, according to Wyntoun (_Bk._ viii., Chap, vi., 1171) had married an aunt of the murdered John Comyn, a daughter of Sir John Comyn “the Red” (!), of Badenoch, his grandfather.

Chapter 22 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 22 holds 136 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Bruce?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.