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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XXIX

Chapter 29 of The Bruce is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
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9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.
So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.
204).
On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.
Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XXIX

Chapter 29 of The Bruce is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.
Line 2
So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.
Line 3
204).
Line 4
On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.
Line 5
Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acknowledgment noun US /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading “Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.”

chronology noun US /krəˈnɑːlədʒi/

an arrangement of events in time

From this reading “9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.”

dated adjective US /ˈdeɪtɪd/

marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past

From this reading “Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.”

exists verb US /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.”

receipt noun US /rɪˈsiːt/

the act of receiving

From this reading “Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.”

referring verb US /rɪˈfɜːrɪŋ/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading “On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.”

specific adjective US /spəˈsɪfɪk/

(sometimes followed by “to”) applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique

From this reading “9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.”

Unfortunately adverb US /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading “Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

other hand adjective + noun

In this reading “On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.”

late summer adjective + noun

In this reading “9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

1308

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

204

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 204).

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

acknowledgmentnounUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

Barbour's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

Bknoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium

From this reading So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

chronologynounUS /krəˈnɑːlədʒi/

an arrangement of events in time

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

datedadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪtɪd/

marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

Fordun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

IXnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

Lorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

receiptnounUS /rɪˈsiːt/

the act of receiving

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

referringverbUS /rɪˈfɜːrɪŋ/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So does Fordun (see on _Bk._ IX.

specificadjectiveUS /spəˈsɪfɪk/

(sometimes followed by “to”) applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the other hand, there exists a letter from John of Lorn to Edward II., clearly referring to the present expedition.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading 9 _toward Lorn._ Barbour’s chronology is here not specific, but he apparently places the expedition against Lorn in the late summer or autumn of 1308.

UnfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading Unfortunately, it is not dated further than as an acknowledgment of the receipt of the King’s letters of March 11.

Chapter 29 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 186 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 29 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 29 holds 186 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 29 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 186 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 29 of The Bruce?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 29 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 29 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.