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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of The Bruce is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Bruce
Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
32 _outrageous a day._ Day has here the meaning of a space of time,” as in Berners _Froissart_.
The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.
For outrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.
162.
44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of The Bruce is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
32 _outrageous a day._ “Dayhas here the meaning ofa space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.
Line 2
The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.
Line 3
Foroutrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.
Line 4
162.
Line 5
44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aquitaine noun US /ˌækwɪˈteɪn/

a region of southwestern France between Bordeaux and the Pyrenees

From this reading “44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.”

dies noun US /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

duchy noun US /ˈdʌtʃi/

the domain controlled by a duke or duchess

From this reading “44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.”

expired adjective US /ɪkˈspaɪrd/

having come to an end or become void after passage of a period of time

From this reading ““The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.”

hereditary adjective US /hərˈedəteri/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading “44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.”

Latin adjective US /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading ““The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.”

outrageous adjective US /aʊˈtreɪdʒəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading “For “outrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.”

truce noun US /truːs/

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

From this reading ““The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

first day adjective + noun

In this reading ““The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

162

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 162.

32

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

44

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

Akatane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

AquitainenounUS /ˌækwɪˈteɪn/

a region of southwestern France between Bordeaux and the Pyrenees

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

Berners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

Bknoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium

From this reading For “outrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

ccxiii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

duchynounUS /ˈdʌtʃi/

the domain controlled by a duke or duchess

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

expiredadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspaɪrd/

having come to an end or become void after passage of a period of time

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For “outrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

Froissart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

hereditaryadjectiveUS /hərˈedəteri/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading For “outrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

KingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

Maye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For “outrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.

outrageousadjectiveUS /aʊˈtreɪdʒəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading For “outrageous,” see on _Bk._ III.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading 44 _Akatane._ Aquitaine, the ancient southern duchy of France, the hereditary possession of the Kings of England.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading 32 _outrageous a day._ “Day” has here the meaning of “a space of time,” as in Berners’ _Froissart_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

trucenounUS /truːs/

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading “The truce is not expired, but hath _day_ to endure unto the first day of Maye next” (I. ccxiii., N.E.D.): a sense of the Latin _dies_.

Chapter 30 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 226 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 30 holds 226 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 226 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of The Bruce?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.