Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XXXIII

Chapter 33 of The Bruce is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Bruce
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.
344).
The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.
3).
Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XXXIII

Chapter 33 of The Bruce is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.
Line 2
344).
Line 3
The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.
Line 4
3).
Line 5
Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Annals noun US /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

anonymous adjective US /əˈnɑːnəməs/

having no known name or identity or known source

From this reading “The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.”

aspired verb US /əˈspaɪrd/

past form of “aspire” — have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal

From this reading “The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.”

Chronicle noun US /ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl/

A detailed written record of historical events in order. (Sử ký, biên niên sử lịch sử.)

From this reading “The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.”

elated adjective US /ɪˈleɪtəd/

exultantly proud and joyful; in high spirits

From this reading “The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.”

rhetorical adjective US /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to rhetoric

From this reading “4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.”

Scots noun US /skɑːts/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading “4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.”

version noun US /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading “Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

own country verb + noun

In this reading “4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.”

live in verb + particle

live in the house where one works

In this reading “Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).”

in peace preposition + noun

In this reading “Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3).

344

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 344).

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

AccordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

adnounUS /æd/

a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

Annalia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

Annalistnoun

a historian who writes annals

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

AnnalsnounUS /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

anonymousadjectiveUS /əˈnɑːnəməs/

having no known name or identity or known source

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

aspirans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

aspiredverbUS /əˈspaɪrd/

past form of “aspire” — have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

Barbour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

ChroniclenounUS /ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl/

A detailed written record of historical events in order. (Sử ký, biên niên sử lịch sử.)

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

commentnounUS /ˈkɑːment/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

cxxxiii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

elatedadjectiveUS /ɪˈleɪtəd/

exultantly proud and joyful; in high spirits

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

Fordun's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

Gesta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

IllustrationsnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

litill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

nomen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

pnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

regium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

rhetoricaladjectiveUS /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to rhetoric

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

satisfiedadjectiveUS /ˈsætəsfaɪd/

filled with satisfaction

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

ScotsnounUS /skɑːts/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

Stevenson's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The anonymous Chronicle in Stevenson’s _Illustrations_ says that Edward Bruce, elated by the success of the Scots, aspired to the name of King (_ad nomen regium aspirans_, p.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

wes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading Fordun’s version is the same as that of Barbour: “Edward Bruce was not willing to live in peace with his brother unless he got half the kingdom for himself, and for this reason the war was started in Ireland” (_Gesta Annalia_, cxxxiii.).

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading 4 _Scotland to litill wes._ According to the Annalist, it was the Scots who were not satisfied with their own country; but this is merely a rhetorical comment (_Annals of Ireland_, p.

Chapter 33 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 185 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 33 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 33 holds 185 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 33 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 185 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 33 of The Bruce?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 33 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 33 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.