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The Bruce
The Bruce

Chapter XXXIV

Chapter 34 of The Bruce is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Bruce
Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.
The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.
346).
39 _The barell-ferraris._ See _Glossary_.
_Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Bruce

Chapter XXXIV

Chapter 34 of The Bruce is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.
Line 2
The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.
Line 3
346).
Line 4
39 _The barell-ferraris._ See _Glossary_.
Line 5
_Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Annals noun US /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

capture verb US /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading “The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.”

date noun US /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading “8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.”

defeat noun US /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading “8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.”

Glossary noun US /ˈɡlɔːsəri/

an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field

refer verb US /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading “The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.”

September noun US /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading “8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.”

skirmishes noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪz/

plural of “skirmish” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading “The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on the point preposition + article + noun counted as “on … point”

In this reading “The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

10th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

1315

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

2714

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

346

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 346).

39

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 39 _The barell-ferraris._ See _Glossary_.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

AnnalsnounUS /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

Arthure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

barell-ferraris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 39 _The barell-ferraris._ See _Glossary_.

Barell-ferrers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

battale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

brochede

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

broghte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

Burghnoun

a borough in Scotland

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

Cfnoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

Connor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

GlossarynounUS /ˈɡlɔːsəri/

an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field

From this reading 39 _The barell-ferraris._ See _Glossary_.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

Morte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

pnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

referverbUS /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading 39 _The barell-ferraris._ See _Glossary_.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

shortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

skirmishesnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪz/

plural of “skirmish” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 8 _In battale._ The date of the English defeat at Connor is on or shortly after September 10, 1315.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Annals_ are not clear on the point, and the capture of William de Burgh on the 10th seems to refer to one of the earlier skirmishes mentioned in the previous book (_Annals_, p.

wyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cf._ “_Barell-ferrers_ they brochede, and broghte them the wyne” (_Morte Arthure_, line 2714).

Chapter 34 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour holds 281 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of The Bruce contain?

Chapter 34 holds 281 sentences of The Bruce, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 281 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of The Bruce?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Bruce

Common questions about reading The Bruce by John, -1395 Barbour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Bruce?

Yes. All 8217 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Bruce is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Bruce take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1644 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Bruce section by section

How to work through The Bruce section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Bruce to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Bruce

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Bruce, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mackenzie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Bruce; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.