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The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete
The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
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Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.
The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.
The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.
Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.
The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.
/deɪz ənd wiːks hæd pæst ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ wɑːz ˈfɑːloʊd baɪ ˈsʌltri ˈɑːɡəst ənd ðæt tuː wɑːz ˈdrɔːɪŋ tuː ə kloʊs/
Line 2
The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.
/ðə ˈspænjərdz stɪl sərˈaʊndɪd ˈlaɪdən ənd ðə ˈsɪti naʊ kəmˈpliːtli rɪˈzembəld ə ˈprɪzən/
Line 3
The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.
Line 4
Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.
/mɔːˈroʊvər ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˌmælkənˈtents ˈwiːkli ˌɪnˈkriːst/
Line 5
The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.
/ðə frendz ʌv ðə oʊld ˈɔːrdər ʌv əˈferz naʊ reɪzd ðer ˈvɔɪsəz mɔːr ənd mɔːr ˈlaʊdli ənd ˈmeni ə frend ʌv ˈlɪb.ər.ti huː sɔː hɪz ˈfæməli ˈsɪkənɪŋ dʒɔɪnd ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈsɪmpəθaɪzərz ənd dɪˈmændəd ðə sərˈendər ʌv ðə ˈsɪti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

famine noun US /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading “The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.”

follower noun US /ˈfɑːloʊər/

a person who accepts the leadership of another

From this reading “The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.”

Leyden noun US /ˈlaɪdən/

a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620

From this reading “The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.”

magistrates noun US /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

plural of “magistrate” — a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading “The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.”

malcontents noun US /ˌmælkənˈtents/

plural of “malcontent” — a person who is discontented or disgusted

From this reading “Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.”

sickening adjective US /ˈsɪkənɪŋ/

causing or able to cause nausea

From this reading “The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.”

sultry adjective US /ˈsʌltri/

sexually exciting or gratifying

From this reading “Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.”

sympathizers noun US /ˈsɪmpəθaɪzərz/

plural of “sympathizer” — a person who commiserates with someone who has had misfortune

From this reading “The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

DaysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

disagreeableadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl/

not to your liking

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

entrynounUS /ˈentri/

an item inserted in a written record

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

EstatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

faminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

followernounUS /ˈfɑːloʊər/

a person who accepts the leadership of another

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

LeydennounUS /ˈlaɪdən/

a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

loudlyadverbUS /ˈlaʊdli/

with relatively high volume

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

magistratesnounUS /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

plural of “magistrate” — a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

malcontentsnounUS /ˌmælkənˈtents/

plural of “malcontent” — a person who is discontented or disgusted

From this reading Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

messagenounUS /ˈmesədʒ/

a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

MoreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

plagueverbUS /pleɪɡ/

cause to suffer a blight

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

resembledverbUS /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

sickeningadjectiveUS /ˈsɪkənɪŋ/

causing or able to cause nausea

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

sullenlyadverb

in a sullen manner

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

sultryadjectiveUS /ˈsʌltri/

sexually exciting or gratifying

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

sympathizersnounUS /ˈsɪmpəθaɪzərz/

plural of “sympathizer” — a person who commiserates with someone who has had misfortune

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Spaniards still surrounded Leyden, and the city now completely resembled a prison.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

town-hall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

wearilyadverbUS /ˈwerəli/

in a weary manner

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

weeklynounUS /ˈwiːkli/

a periodical that is published every week (or 52 issues per year)

From this reading Moreover the number of malcontents weekly increased.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Days and weeks had passed, July was followed by sultry August, and that, too, was drawing to a close.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The friends of the old order of affairs now raised their voices more and more loudly, and many a friend of liberty, who saw his family sickening, joined the Spanish sympathizers and demanded the surrender of the city.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The soldiers and armed citizens did their duty wearily and sullenly, there was business enough at the town-hall, but the magistrates' work was sad and disagreeable; for no message of hope came from the Prince or the Estates, and everything to be considered referred to the increasing distress and the terrible follower of war, the plague, which had made its entry into Leyden with the famine.

Chapter 28 of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete by Georg Ebers holds 196 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete contain?

Chapter 28 holds 196 sentences of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete by Georg Ebers exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 196 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete

Common questions about reading The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete by Georg Ebers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete?

Yes. All 5346 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5583 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5583, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete take to read?

About 445 minutes of reading across 1070 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete section by section

How to work through The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Joyous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Entry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Netherlands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burgomaster's Wife — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.