Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Burial of the Guns
The Burial of the Guns

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Burial of the Guns is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Burial of the Guns
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.
This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.
They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.
None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.
Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Burial of the Guns

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Burial of the Guns is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.
/ɪt wɑːz əˈperənt ðæt ðeɪ səˈpoʊzd ðə fɔːrs ðer ˈoʊnli ə smɔːl wʌn fɔːr ðeɪ rɪˈtaɪrd ənd suːn keɪm ʌp əˈɡen ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrst ɪn sʌm ˈnʌmbərz ənd ə ʃɑːrp ˈlɪtəl ˈskɜːrmɪʃ ɪnˈsuːd hɑːt ɪˈnʌf tuː meɪk ðem mɔːr ˈpruːdənt ˈæftərwərdz ðoʊ ðə ˈpɪkɪt rɪˈtaɪrd ʌp ðə ˈmaʊntən/
Line 2
This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.
/ðɪs ɡeɪv ðem enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt ənd ˈprɑːbəbliː mɪˈsled ðem fɔːr ðeɪ naʊ ədˈvænst ˈboʊldli/
Line 3
They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.
Line 4
None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.
/nʌn ʌv ðə ɡʌnz wɑːz əˈlaʊd tuː rɪˈspɑːnd æz ðə ˈdɪstəns wɑːz tuː ɡreɪt wɪð ðə ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ðə ˈbætəri hæd ənd ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt æz ɪt wɑːz ɪt wɑːz tuː ˈpreʃəs tuː biː ˈweɪstɪd ɪn ə ˈduːəl æt æn ˌɪnəˈfektʃuːəl reɪndʒ/
Line 5
Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.
/ˈdaʊtləs dɪˈsiːvd baɪ ðɪs ðə ˈenəmi keɪm ɑːn ɪn fɔːrs ˈbiːɪŋ əˈblaɪdʒd baɪ ðə ˈkerɪktər ʌv ðə ɡraʊnd tuː kiːp ˈɔːlmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli tuː ðə roʊd wɪtʃ ˈrɪli meɪd ðem ədˈvæns ɪn ˈkɑːləm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ammunition noun US /ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/

projectiles to be fired from a gun

From this reading “None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.”

ineffectual adjective US /ˌɪnəˈfektʃuːəl/

not producing an intended effect

From this reading “None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.”

misled verb US /mɪˈsled/

inflected form of “mislead” — lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

From this reading “This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.”

picket noun US /ˈpɪkɪt/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading “It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.”

redoubt noun US /riˈdaʊt/

(military) a temporary or supplementary fortification; typically square or polygonal without flanking defenses

From this reading “They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.”

reinforced adjective US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrst/

given added strength or support

From this reading “It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.”

respond verb US /rɪˈspɑːnd/

show a response or a reaction to something

From this reading “None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.”

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

ammunitionnounUS /ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/

projectiles to be fired from a gun

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

batterynounUS /ˈbætəri/

group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

boldlyadverbUS /ˈboʊldli/

with boldness, in a bold manner

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

columnnounUS /ˈkɑːləm/

a line of units following one after another

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

crestnounUS /krest/

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

damagenounUS /ˈdæmədʒ/

the occurrence of a change for the worse

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

deceivedverbUS /dɪˈsiːvd/

past form of “deceive” — be false to; be dishonest with

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

DoubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

duelnounUS /ˈduːəl/

a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

encouragementnounUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt/

the expression of approval and support

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

ensuedverbUS /ɪnˈsuːd/

past form of “ensue” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

flungverbUS /flʌŋ/

inflected form of “fling” — throw with force or recklessness

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

indifferentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt/

marked by a lack of interest

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

ineffectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəˈfektʃuːəl/

not producing an intended effect

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

misledverbUS /mɪˈsled/

inflected form of “mislead” — lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

NonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

picketnounUS /ˈpɪkɪt/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

redoubtnounUS /riˈdaʊt/

(military) a temporary or supplementary fortification; typically square or polygonal without flanking defenses

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

reinforcedadjectiveUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrst/

given added strength or support

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

respondverbUS /rɪˈspɑːnd/

show a response or a reaction to something

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Doubtless deceived by this, the enemy came on in force, being obliged by the character of the ground to keep almost entirely to the road, which really made them advance in column.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

skirmishnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This gave them encouragement and probably misled them, for they now advanced boldly.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

unlimbering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was apparent that they supposed the force there only a small one, for they retired and soon came up again reinforced in some numbers, and a sharp little skirmish ensued, hot enough to make them more prudent afterwards, though the picket retired up the mountain.

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading None of the guns was allowed to respond, as the distance was too great with the ammunition the battery had, and, indifferent as it was, it was too precious to be wasted in a duel at an ineffectual range.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading They saw the redoubt on the crest as they came on, and unlimbering a section or two, flung a few shells up at it, which either fell short or passed over without doing material damage.

Chapter 4 of The Burial of the Guns by Thomas Nelson Page holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Burial of the Guns contain?

Chapter 4 holds 164 sentences of The Burial of the Guns, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Burial of the Guns by Thomas Nelson Page exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Burial of the Guns?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Burial of the Guns

Common questions about reading The Burial of the Guns by Thomas Nelson Page on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Burial of the Guns?

Yes. All 2338 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #332 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Burial of the Guns is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #332, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Burial of the Guns take to read?

About 194 minutes of reading across 468 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Burial of the Guns section by section

How to work through The Burial of the Guns section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of The Burial of the Guns to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Burial of the Guns

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Burial of the Guns, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Virginian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burial of the Guns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burial of the Guns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italicized
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burial of the Guns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Burial of the Guns; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.