Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Call of the Cumberlands
The Call of the Cumberlands

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Call of the Cumberlands is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Call of the Cumberlands
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.
So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.
Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.
A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.
Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Call of the Cumberlands

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Call of the Cumberlands is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.
Line 2
So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.
Line 3
Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.
Line 4
A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.
/ə ˈdiːpər ˈskruːtəni ʃoʊd ðɪs ˈsiːmɪŋ tuː biː wʌn ʌv ðə streɪndʒ əˈnɑːməliz ʌv ðə ˈmaʊntənz/
Line 5
Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anomalies noun US /əˈnɑːməliz/

plural of “anomaly” — deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule

From this reading “A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.”

basing verb US /ˈbeɪsɪŋ/

-ing form of “base” — use as a basis for; found on

From this reading “While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.”

Micah noun US /ˈmaɪkə/

a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC)

From this reading “So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.”

rougher adjective US /ˈrʌfər/

comparative of “rough” — having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading “Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.”

section's noun US /ˈsekʃənz/

possessive form of “section” — a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading “Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.”

Spicer adjective US /ˈspaɪsər/

comparative of “spic” — completely neat and clean

From this reading “While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.”

tilling noun US /ˈtɪlɪŋ/

cultivation of the land in order to raise crops

From this reading “While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.”

urbane adjective US /ərˈbeɪn/

showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience

From this reading “So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

aggressiveadjectiveUS /əˈɡresɪv/

having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

anomaliesnounUS /əˈnɑːməliz/

plural of “anomaly” — deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

basingverbUS /ˈbeɪsɪŋ/

-ing form of “base” — use as a basis for; found on

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

brushedadjectiveUS /brʌʃt/

touched lightly in passing; grazed against

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

clansmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

competences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

cousinsnounUS /ˈkʌzənz/

plural of “cousin” — the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

Crippleshin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

deeperadverbUS /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

equippedadjectiveUS /ɪˈkwɪpt/

provided or fitted out with what is necessary or useful or appropriate

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

factionnounUS /ˈfækʃən/

a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

feudaladjectiveUS /ˈfjuːdəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

fortunesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

Hixon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

Hollman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

illiterateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlɪtərət/

not able to read or write

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

JudgedverbUS /dʒʌdʒd/

past form of “judge” — determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

merchandisenounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃəndaɪz/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

MicahnounUS /ˈmaɪkə/

a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC)

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

MiserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

outwardadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtwərd/

relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

profitsnounUS /ˈprɑːfɪts/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

rougheradjectiveUS /ˈrʌfər/

comparative of “rough” — having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

scrutinynounUS /ˈskruːtəni/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

section'snounUS /ˈsekʃənz/

possessive form of “section” — a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

seemingadjectiveUS /ˈsiːmɪŋ/

appearing as such but not necessarily so

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

shacknounUS /ʃæk/

small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

SpiceradjectiveUS /ˈspaɪsər/

comparative of “spic” — completely neat and clean

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

sustainingverbUS /səˈsteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “sustain” — lengthen or extend in duration or space

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A deeper scrutiny showed this seeming to be one of the strange anomalies of the mountains.

tillingnounUS /ˈtɪlɪŋ/

cultivation of the land in order to raise crops

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

toleratedverbUS /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

touchverbUS /tʌtʃ/

make physical contact with, come in contact with

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

urbaneadjectiveUS /ərˈbeɪn/

showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While Spicer South and his cousins had been sustaining themselves or building up competences by tilling their soil, the leaders of the other faction were basing larger fortunes on the profits of merchandise and trade.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Judged by their heads, the clansmen were rougher and more illiterate on Misery, and in closer touch with civilization on Crippleshin.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading So, although Spicer South could neither read nor write, his chief enemy, Micah Hollman, was to outward seeming an urbane and fairly equipped man of affairs.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Micah Hollman had established himself at Hixon, that shack town which had passed of late years from feudal county seat to the section's one point of contact with the outside world; a town where the ancient and modern orders brushed shoulders; where the new was tolerated, but dared not become aggressive.

Chapter 4 of The Call of the Cumberlands by Charles Neville Buck holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Call of the Cumberlands contain?

Chapter 4 holds 130 sentences of The Call of the Cumberlands, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Call of the Cumberlands by Charles Neville Buck exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Call of the Cumberlands?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Call of the Cumberlands

Common questions about reading The Call of the Cumberlands by Charles Neville Buck on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Call of the Cumberlands?

Yes. All 5641 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Call of the Cumberlands is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Call of the Cumberlands take to read?

About 470 minutes of reading across 1129 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Call of the Cumberlands section by section

How to work through The Call of the Cumberlands section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of The Call of the Cumberlands to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Call of the Cumberlands

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Call of the Cumberlands, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Although
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Call of the Cumberlands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gulch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Call of the Cumberlands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Groan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Call of the Cumberlands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mingled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Call of the Cumberlands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.