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The Captain of the Janizaries
The Captain of the Janizaries

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Captain of the Janizaries is here in full — 222 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 28 of The Captain of the Janizaries by James M. (James Meeker) Ludlow holds 222 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Captain of the Janizaries contain?

Chapter 28 holds 222 sentences of The Captain of the Janizaries, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Captain of the Janizaries by James M. (James Meeker) Ludlow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 222 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Captain of the Janizaries?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Captain of the Janizaries

Common questions about reading The Captain of the Janizaries by James M. (James Meeker) Ludlow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Captain of the Janizaries?

Yes. All 5550 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40519 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Captain of the Janizaries is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40519, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Captain of the Janizaries take to read?

About 462 minutes of reading across 1110 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Captain of the Janizaries section by section

How to work through The Captain of the Janizaries section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Captain of the Janizaries to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Captain of the Janizaries

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Captain of the Janizaries, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ologus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cover illustration for The Captain of the Janizaries
Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.
Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.
As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.
The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.
The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Captain of the Janizaries

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Captain of the Janizaries is here in full — 222 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.
Line 2
Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.
Line 3
As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.
Line 4
The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.
Line 5
The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Across preposition US /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading “As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.”

Through preposition US /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading “Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

anchored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

Asiatic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

befriending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

belonged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.

Black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

blockaders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

boats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

Bosphorus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

Byzantium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.

captains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

Constantine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

craft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

crescent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

current

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

difficulty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

discharges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

drifting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

edge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

eluded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

encounter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

enormous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

eye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

fleet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

formed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

formidable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

galleys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

generally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

Genoese

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

heavy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

Italian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

laden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

little

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

manned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

Marmora

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

meeting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

navy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

obstacle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

persuaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

pointed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

presented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

prevent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

risk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

Sea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

shape

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

shore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

skilfully

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

small

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

stretched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

swift

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

together

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Genoese had four galleys, together with one which belonged to Byzantium.

Turkish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

Turks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

wall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Constantine pointed out to the Italian captains, the enormous navy of the blockaders, formed in the shape of a crescent, and stretched from the wall of the city across to the Asiatic shore, presented a more formidable obstacle to the eye than to the swift and skilfully manned Genoese galleys.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Upon meeting the befriending galleys, it was with little difficulty that he persuaded the Genoese captains to risk the encounter with the Turkish fleet.

water's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Turkish boats were generally but small craft, and laden down to the water's edge with men.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Constantine eluded the heavy boats of the Turks, which were anchored to prevent their drifting away upon the swift current with which the Black Sea discharges itself through the Bosphorus into Marmora.