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The Captain of the Janizaries
The Captain of the Janizaries

Chapter XXIX

Chapter 29 of The Captain of the Janizaries is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The city was now completely invested.
Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.
Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.
To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.
As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Captain of the Janizaries

Chapter XXIX

Chapter 29 of The Captain of the Janizaries is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The city was now completely invested.
/ðə ˈsɪti wɑːz naʊ kəmˈpliːtli ˌɪnˈvestəd/
Line 2
Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.
/ˈmenəst frʌm ɔːl saɪdz ðə dɪˈfendərz wɜːr nɑːt səˈfɪʃənt ɪn ˈnʌmbərz tuː ɡɑːrd ðə ˈmeni əˈproʊtʃəz/
Line 3
Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.
Line 4
To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.
Line 5
As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approaches noun US /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading “Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.”

dawned verb US /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading “As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.”

defenders noun US /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading “Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.”

designated verb US /ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd/

past form of “designate” — assign a name or title to

From this reading “To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.”

hordes noun US /hɔːrdz/

plural of “horde” — a vast multitude

From this reading “As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.”

invested verb US /ˌɪnˈvestəd/

past form of “invest” — make an investment

From this reading “The city was now completely invested.”

Menaced verb US /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading “Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.”

Moslems noun US /ˈmɑːzləmz/

plural of “moslem” — a believer in or follower of Islam

From this reading “Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

day dawned noun + noun counted as “day dawn”

In this reading “As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.”

fatal day adjective + noun

In this reading “As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.”

all sides adjective + noun counted as “all side”

In this reading “Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.”

in numbers preposition + noun

In this reading “Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

approachesnounUS /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

ChristiansnounUS /ˈkrɪstʃənz/

plural of “christian” — a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The city was now completely invested.

combinedadjectiveUS /kəmˈbaɪnd/

made or joined or united into one

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The city was now completely invested.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

defendersnounUS /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

designatedverbUS /ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd/

past form of “designate” — assign a name or title to

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

energynounUS /ˈenərdʒi/

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

hordesnounUS /hɔːrdz/

plural of “horde” — a vast multitude

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

investedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvestəd/

past form of “invest” — make an investment

From this reading The city was now completely invested.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

Mahometnoun

the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

MenacedverbUS /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

MoslemsnounUS /ˈmɑːzləmz/

plural of “moslem” — a believer in or follower of Islam

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

nerved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The city was now completely invested.

numberlessadjective

too numerous to be counted

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The city was now completely invested.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading To end the siege Mahomet designated a time for a combined assault from sea and land.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading As the fatal day dawned, numberless hordes moved towards the walls.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The city was now completely invested.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Menaced from all sides, the defenders were not sufficient in numbers to guard the many approaches.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet the daily fighting was desperate, for the Moslems were inspired by the certainty of success, while the Christians were nerved with the energy of despair.

Chapter 29 of The Captain of the Janizaries by James M. (James Meeker) Ludlow holds 93 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 29 of The Captain of the Janizaries contain?

Chapter 29 holds 93 sentences of The Captain of the Janizaries, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 29 of The Captain of the Janizaries by James M. (James Meeker) Ludlow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 93 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 29 of The Captain of the Janizaries?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 29 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 29 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Captain of the Janizaries

Common questions about reading The Captain of the Janizaries by James M. (James Meeker) Ludlow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Captain of the Janizaries?

Yes. All 5550 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40519 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Captain of the Janizaries is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40519, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Captain of the Janizaries take to read?

About 462 minutes of reading across 1110 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Captain of the Janizaries section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Captain of the Janizaries

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Captain of the Janizaries, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ologus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Captain of the Janizaries; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.