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The Carlovingian Coins
The Carlovingian Coins

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Carlovingian Coins is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
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THE VALLEY OF LOKFERN.
Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.
Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.
Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.
At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Carlovingian Coins

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Carlovingian Coins is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VALLEY OF LOKFERN.
Line 2
Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.
Line 3
Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.
Line 4
Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.
/ˈdrɪvən baɪ ə ˈterər ðæt left ðem noʊ θɔːt bʌt tuː aʊtˈstrɪp wʌn əˈnʌðər ðə ˈfliːɪŋ ˈraɪdərz siːm tuː ɡɪv noʊ hiːd tuː ðə saɪt ðæt ənˈfoʊldz bɪˈfɔːr ðem/
Line 5
At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confines noun US /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading “Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.”

conflagration noun US /ˌkɑːnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

a very intense and uncontrolled fire

From this reading “Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.”

Decimated verb US /ˈdesəmeɪtɪd/

past form of “decimate” — kill one in every ten, as of mutineers in Roman armies

From this reading “Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.”

flees verb US /fliːz/

third-person singular of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading “Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.”

Frankish adjective US /ˈfræŋkɪʃ/

of or relating to the Franks

From this reading “Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.”

outstrip verb US /aʊtˈstrɪp/

be or do something to a greater degree

From this reading “Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.”

precipitate verb US /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

bring about abruptly

From this reading “Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.”

unfolds verb US /ənˈfoʊldz/

third-person singular of “unfold” — develop or come to a promising stage

From this reading “Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

battle array noun + noun

In this reading “At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.”

arrives at verb + particle counted as “arrive at”

reach a destination, either real or abstract

In this reading “Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.”

under the command preposition + article + noun counted as “under … command”

In this reading “At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.”

in the direction preposition + article + noun counted as “in … direction”

In this reading “Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.”

At the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.”

in battle preposition + noun

In this reading “At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

arrivesverbUS /ərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

BretonnounUS /ˈbretən/

a native or inhabitant of Brittany (especially one who speaks the Breton language)

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

confidentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnfədənt/

having or marked by confidence or assurance

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

confinesnounUS /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

conflagrationnounUS /ˌkɑːnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

a very intense and uncontrolled fire

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

DecimatedverbUS /ˈdesəmeɪtɪd/

past form of “decimate” — kill one in every ten, as of mutineers in Roman armies

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

disordernounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

DrivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

EscapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

fleeingverbUS /ˈfliːɪŋ/

-ing form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

fleesverbUS /fliːz/

third-person singular of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

FrankishadjectiveUS /ˈfræŋkɪʃ/

of or relating to the Franks

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

heednounUS /hiːd/

paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

impetuositynoun

rash impulsiveness

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

Kennor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

LOKFERN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VALLEY OF LOKFERN.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

moorverbUS /mʊr/

secure in or as if in a berth or dock

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

Morvan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE VALLEY OF LOKFERN.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

onwardadverbUS /ˈɔːnwərd/

forward in time or order or degree

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

outstripverbUS /aʊtˈstrɪp/

be or do something to a greater degree

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

PiousadjectiveUS /ˈpaɪəs/

having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

plateaunounUS /plæˈtoʊ/

a relatively flat highland

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

precipitateverbUS /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

bring about abruptly

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

ridersnounUS /ˈraɪdərz/

plural of “rider” — a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

slightlyadverbUS /ˈslaɪtli/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

steedsnounUS /stiːdz/

plural of “steed” — (literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading Escaped from the disaster of the conflagration and carried onward by the impetuosity of their steeds, a portion of the Frankish cavalry that follows Louis the Pious in his precipitate flight, arrives at the confines of the plateau.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VALLEY OF LOKFERN.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

trialsnounUS /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

unfoldsverbUS /ənˈfoʊldz/

third-person singular of “unfold” — develop or come to a promising stage

From this reading Driven by a terror that left them no thought but to outstrip one another, the fleeing riders seem to give no heed to the sight that unfolds before them.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

VALLEYnounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading THE VALLEY OF LOKFERN.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

Vortigern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the foot of the slope that they are about to descend, stands the numerous Breton cavalry, drawn up in battle array, under the command of Morvan and Vortigern.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Decimated by the conflagration of the moor of Kennor, the Frankish army flees in disorder in the direction of the valley of Lokfern, that lies slightly below the vast plateau on which an hour before the three Frankish divisions have joined, confident that their trials are ended.

Chapter 21 of The Carlovingian Coins by Eugène Sue holds 73 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Carlovingian Coins contain?

Chapter 21 holds 73 sentences of The Carlovingian Coins, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Carlovingian Coins by Eugène Sue exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 73 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Carlovingian Coins?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Carlovingian Coins

Common questions about reading The Carlovingian Coins by Eugène Sue on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Carlovingian Coins?

Yes. All 2392 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33021 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Carlovingian Coins is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33021, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Carlovingian Coins take to read?

About 199 minutes of reading across 479 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Carlovingian Coins section by section

How to work through The Carlovingian Coins section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Carlovingian Coins to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Carlovingian Coins

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Carlovingian Coins, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Carlovingian Coins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Amael
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Carlovingian Coins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vortigern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Carlovingian Coins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Courtyard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Carlovingian Coins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.