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The Celibates
The Celibates

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Celibates is here in full — 280 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.
With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.
Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.
The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.
On the walls he hung a few sketches.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Celibates

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Celibates is here in full — 280 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.
Line 2
With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.
Line 3
Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.
Line 4
The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.
Line 5
On the walls he hung a few sketches.
/ɑːn ðə wɔːlz hiː hʌŋ ə fjuː ˈsketʃəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ardor noun US /ˈɑːrdər/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading “With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.”

convert verb US /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.”

painter's noun US /ˈpeɪntərz/

possessive form of “painter” — an artist who paints

From this reading “In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.”

requirements noun US /rɪˈkwaɪrmənts/

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading “In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.”

sketches noun US /ˈsketʃəz/

plural of “sketch” — preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading “On the walls he hung a few sketches.”

skylight noun US /ˈskaɪlaɪt/

a window in a roof to admit daylight

From this reading “Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.”

vocation noun US /voʊˈkeɪʃən/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading “With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.”

widows noun US /ˈwɪdoʊz/

plural of “widow” — a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading “In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1816

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

adjoined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

ardornounUS /ˈɑːrdər/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

ateliernoun

a studio especially for an artist or designer

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

atticnounUS /ˈætɪk/

floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.

chocolate-color

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.

convertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

Descoings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading On the walls he hung a few sketches.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

garretnounUS /ˈɡerɪt/

floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On the walls he hung a few sketches.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading On the walls he hung a few sketches.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the walls he hung a few sketches.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.

painter'snounUS /ˈpeɪntərz/

possessive form of “painter” — an artist who paints

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

persuadedverbUS /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.

requirementsnounUS /rɪˈkwaɪrmənts/

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

sketchesnounUS /ˈsketʃəz/

plural of “sketch” — preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading On the walls he hung a few sketches.

skylightnounUS /ˈskaɪlaɪt/

a window in a roof to admit daylight

From this reading Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of the house to put a skylight in the roof.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolate-color by Joseph himself.

vocationnounUS /voʊˈkeɪʃən/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading On the walls he hung a few sketches.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

widowsnounUS /ˈwɪdoʊz/

plural of “widow” — a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's trade;--in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the feeling and ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier.

Chapter 3 of The Celibates by Honoré de Balzac holds 280 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Celibates contain?

Chapter 3 holds 280 sentences of The Celibates, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Celibates by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 280 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Celibates?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Celibates

Common questions about reading The Celibates by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Celibates?

Yes. All 4837 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7927 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Celibates is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7927, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Celibates take to read?

About 403 minutes of reading across 968 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Celibates section by section

How to work through The Celibates section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Celibates

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Celibates, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Townspeople
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Celibates; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Issoudun
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Celibates; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enjoyed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Celibates; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Services
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Celibates; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.