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The charm of Reynolds
The charm of Reynolds

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The charm of Reynolds is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The charm of Reynolds
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.
The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.
Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.
The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.
It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The charm of Reynolds

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The charm of Reynolds is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.
Line 2
The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.
Line 3
Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.
Line 4
The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.
Line 5
It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Gallery noun US /ˈɡæləri/

spectators at a golf or tennis match

From this reading “This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.”

Joshua noun US /ˈdʒɑːʃuːə/

(Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho

From this reading “Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.”

painter noun US /ˈpeɪntər/

an artist who paints

From this reading “It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.”

representative noun US /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading “It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.”

Rev verb US /rev/

increase the number of rotations per minute

From this reading “The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.”

sitters noun US /ˈsɪtərz/

plural of “sitter” — Dutch astronomer who calculated the size of the universe and suggested that it is expanding (1872-1934)

From this reading “It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.”

studied adjective US /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading “Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.”

violin noun US /vaɪəˈlɪn/

bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow

From this reading “The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1866

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

Bamfylde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

characterisationnoun

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.

GallerynounUS /ˈɡæləri/

spectators at a golf or tennis match

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

Geo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

Huddersford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

JoshuanounUS /ˈdʒɑːʃuːə/

(Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.

NationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

painternounUS /ˈpeɪntər/

an artist who paints

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

representativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

RevverbUS /rev/

increase the number of rotations per minute

From this reading The figure on the left is the Rev Geo.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

sittersnounUS /ˈsɪtərz/

plural of “sitter” — Dutch astronomer who calculated the size of the universe and suggested that it is expanding (1872-1934)

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

skilfuladjective

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading It is a representative picture enough, showing how closely the painter observed his sitters and how complete and skilful was his characterisation.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

violinnounUS /vaɪəˈlɪn/

bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading The other figure, with violin in right hand, is J. C. W. Bamfylde.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This picture was given to the National Gallery in 1866.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Huddersford, who, before he took orders, studied art with Sir Joshua.

Chapter 1 of The charm of Reynolds by James Mason holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The charm of Reynolds contain?

Chapter 1 holds 169 sentences of The charm of Reynolds, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The charm of Reynolds by James Mason exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The charm of Reynolds?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The charm of Reynolds

Common questions about reading The charm of Reynolds by James Mason on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The charm of Reynolds?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The charm of Reynolds is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The charm of Reynolds

Words and structures a reader meets early in The charm of Reynolds, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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