Chapter XV

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FROM THE UNION TO THE REVOLUTION.--1603 TO 1689.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FROM THE UNION TO THE REVOLUTION.--1603 TO 1689.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 2.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

for the reason that

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

plural of “benefit” — financial assistance in time of need

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the two together, not just one

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the people of Great Britain

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

a state at a particular time

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FROM THE UNION TO THE REVOLUTION.--1603 TO 1689.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

comparative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading FROM THE UNION TO THE REVOLUTION.--1603 TO 1689.

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

plural of “stuart” — United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading THE STUARTS.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STUARTS.

in or at that place or location

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FROM THE UNION TO THE REVOLUTION.--1603 TO 1689.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading FROM THE UNION TO THE REVOLUTION.--1603 TO 1689.

precisely as stated

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The people of Scotland did not like the union of the two kingdoms, at first, because the king and many of the nobility went away to live in London, which, as there was little trade, left Scotland in a very poor condition; and it was a long time, indeed, not before the people had experienced the great benefits of British trade and commerce, that they began to feel as a part of the English nation; but now that the English and Scots have become like one people, it is certainly much happier and better for both.