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The Choir Invisible
The Choir Invisible

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Choir Invisible is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
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"That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.
"And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:
"'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'
"They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.
"Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Choir Invisible

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Choir Invisible is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.
Line 2
"And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:
Line 3
"'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'
/let ɔːl huː ɑːr nɑːt ˈkaʊərdz ˈfɑːloʊ miː/
Line 4
"They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.
/ðeɪ ɔːl ˈfɑːloʊd ənd ðen ˈfɑːloʊd ˈɔːlsoʊ ðə ʃeɪm ʌv dɪˈfiːt ðə ˈɑːfəl ˈmæsəkər ðə ˈsɑːroʊ ðæt læsts əˈmʌŋ ʌs stɪl ənd ðə lɔːs tuː kənˈtʌki ʌv ˈmeni ə ˈɡælənt jʌŋ laɪf ðæt hæd helpt tuː ʃeɪp hɜːr ˈdestəni ɪn ðə ˈneɪʃən/
Line 5
"Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cowards noun US /ˈkaʊərdz/

plural of “coward” — a person who shows fear or timidity

From this reading “"'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'”

historian noun US /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “"Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.”

Kentuckians noun US /ˌkenˈtʌkiənz/

plural of “kentuckian” — a native or resident of Kentucky

From this reading “"Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.”

Kentucky noun US /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading “"That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.”

lasts noun US /læsts/

plural of “last” — the temporal end; the concluding time

From this reading “"They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.”

massacre verb US /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “"They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.”

spurred verb US /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading “"And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:”

taunt noun US /tɔːnt/

aggravation by deriding or mocking or criticizing

From this reading “"Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

awfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

cautionnounUS /ˈkɑːʃən/

the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

cowardsnounUS /ˈkaʊərdz/

plural of “coward” — a person who shows fear or timidity

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

destinynounUS /ˈdestəni/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

eighty-twoadjective

being two more than eighty

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

KentuckiansnounUS /ˌkenˈtʌkiənz/

plural of “kentuckian” — a native or resident of Kentucky

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

lastsnounUS /læsts/

plural of “last” — the temporal end; the concluding time

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

McGary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

oldestadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

shamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

shoutedadjectiveUS /ˈʃaʊtɪd/

in a vehement outcry

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

spurredverbUS /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

tauntnounUS /tɔːnt/

aggravation by deriding or mocking or criticizing

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

urgingnounUS /ˈɜːrdʒɪŋ/

a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

wavedverbUS /weɪvd/

past form of “wave” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "'Let all who are not cowards follow me!'

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "That is the kind of men of whom that little army of a hundred and eighty-two was made up--the oak forest of Kentucky.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

wisestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzəst/

superlative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading "Some day perhaps some historian will write it down that the Kentuckians followed McGary because no man among them could endure such a taunt.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading "And yet, when they had reached the river in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers had come out before the ranks to hold a council of war and the wisest and the oldest were urging caution or delay, one of them--McGary--suddenly waved his hat in the air, spurred his horse into the river, and shouted:

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading "They all followed; and then followed also the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that had helped to shape her destiny in the nation.

Chapter 4 of The Choir Invisible by James Lane Allen holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Choir Invisible contain?

Chapter 4 holds 168 sentences of The Choir Invisible, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Choir Invisible by James Lane Allen exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Choir Invisible?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Choir Invisible

Common questions about reading The Choir Invisible by James Lane Allen on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Choir Invisible?

Yes. All 3182 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2316 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Choir Invisible is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2316, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Choir Invisible take to read?

About 265 minutes of reading across 637 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Choir Invisible section by section

How to work through The Choir Invisible section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of The Choir Invisible to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Choir Invisible

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Choir Invisible, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Choir
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Choir Invisible; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Invisible
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Choir Invisible; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Those
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Choir Invisible; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Immortal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Choir Invisible; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.