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The Chouans
The Chouans

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Chouans is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.
There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.
Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.
What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?
Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Chouans

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Chouans is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.
/ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː seɪ ˈweðər ðə ˈɑːbdʒekt ʌv ðiːz ɪnˈkloʊʒərz ɪz tuː əˈvɔɪd ɔːl dɪsˈpjuːts ʌv pəˈzeʃən ɔːr ˈweðər ðə ˈkʌstəm ɪz ə ˈleɪzi wʌn ʌv ˈkiːpɪŋ ðə ˈkætəl frʌm ˈstreɪɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈtrʌbəl ʌv ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ ðem æt ˈeni reɪt sʌtʃ ˈfɔːrmədəbəl ˈbæriərz ɑːr ˈpɜːrmənənt ˈɑːbstəkəlz wɪtʃ meɪk ðiːz ˈriːdʒənz ˌɪmˈpenətrəbəl ənd ˈɔːrdəneri ˈwɔːrfer ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/
Line 2
There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.
Line 3
Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.
Line 4
What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?
/wʌt kʊd biː dʌn ɪn fækt wɪð ə ˈpiːpəl waɪz ɪˈnʌf tuː dɪˈspaɪz ðə pəˈzeʃən ʌv taʊnz ənd hoʊld tuː ðæt ʌv æn ˈoʊ.pən ˈkʌntri ɔːlˈredi ˈfɜːrnɪʃt wɪð ˌɪndəˈstrʌktɪbəl ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/
Line 5
Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.
/ˈʃʊrli ˈnʌθɪŋ ɪkˈsept nəˈɡoʊʃieɪt əˈspeʃli æz ðə hoʊl ˈæktɪv streŋkθ ʌv ðiːz dɪˈluːdɪd ˈpezənts leɪ ɪn ə ˈsɪŋɡəl ˈeɪbəl ənd ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ ˈliːdər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disaffection noun US /ˌdɪsəˈfekʃən/

the feeling of being alienated from other people

From this reading “Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.”

enclosures noun US /ɪnˈkloʊʒərz/

plural of “enclosure” — a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading “It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.”

enterprising adjective US /ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ/

marked by imagination, initiative, and readiness to undertake new projects

From this reading “Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.”

indestructible adjective US /ˌɪndəˈstrʌktɪbəl/

not easily destroyed

From this reading “What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?”

negotiate verb US /nəˈɡoʊʃieɪt/

discuss the terms of an arrangement

From this reading “Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.”

negotiation noun US /nɪˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading “Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.”

strangle verb US /ˈstræŋɡəl/

kill by squeezing the throat of so as to cut off the air

From this reading “Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.”

straying adjective US /ˈstreɪɪŋ/

unable to find your way

From this reading “It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

barriersnounUS /ˈbæriərz/

plural of “barrier” — a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

Chouan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

deludedverbUS /dɪˈluːdɪd/

past form of “delude” — be false to; be dishonest with

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

despiseverbUS /dɪˈspaɪz/

look down on with disdain

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

disaffectionnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈfekʃən/

the feeling of being alienated from other people

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

disputesnounUS /dɪsˈpjuːts/

plural of “dispute” — a disagreement or argument about something important

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

enclosuresnounUS /ɪnˈkloʊʒərz/

plural of “enclosure” — a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

enterprisingadjectiveUS /ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ/

marked by imagination, initiative, and readiness to undertake new projects

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

furnishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/

provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose (as furniture or equipment or authority)

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

impenetrableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpenətrəbəl/

not admitting of penetration or passage into or through

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

indestructibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈstrʌktɪbəl/

not easily destroyed

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

lazyadjectiveUS /ˈleɪzi/

moving slowly and gently

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.

MademoisellenounUS /ˌmædəməˈzel/

small silvery drumfish often mistaken for white perch; found along coasts of United States from New York to Mexico

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

negotiateverbUS /nəˈɡoʊʃieɪt/

discuss the terms of an arrangement

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

negotiationnounUS /nɪˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

obstaclesnounUS /ˈɑːbstəkəlz/

plural of “obstacle” — something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

permanentadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

policenounUS /pəˈliːs/

the force of policemen and officers

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

RepublicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

strangleverbUS /ˈstræŋɡəl/

kill by squeezing the throat of so as to cut off the air

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

strayingadjectiveUS /ˈstreɪɪŋ/

unable to find your way

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

SurelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Surely, nothing except negotiate; especially as the whole active strength of these deluded peasants lay in a single able and enterprising leader.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

Verneuil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mademoiselle de Verneuil saw plainly the necessity the Republic was under to strangle the disaffection by means of police and by negotiation, rather than by a useless employment of military force.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading There lies the whole secret of the Chouan war.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading What could be done, in fact, with a people wise enough to despise the possession of towns, and hold to that of an open country already furnished with indestructible fortifications?

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It is difficult to say whether the object of these enclosures is to avoid all disputes of possession, or whether the custom is a lazy one of keeping the cattle from straying, without the trouble of watching them; at any rate such formidable barriers are permanent obstacles, which make these regions impenetrable and ordinary warfare impossible.

Chapter 23 of The Chouans by Honoré de Balzac holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Chouans contain?

Chapter 23 holds 159 sentences of The Chouans, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Chouans by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Chouans?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Chouans

Common questions about reading The Chouans by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Chouans?

Yes. All 5194 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1921 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Chouans is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1921, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Chouans take to read?

About 432 minutes of reading across 1039 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Chouans section by section

How to work through The Chouans section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Chouans to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Chouans

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Chouans, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Monsieur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Chouans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theodore
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Chouans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dablin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Chouans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Merchant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Chouans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.