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The Christmas Reindeer
The Christmas Reindeer

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Christmas Reindeer is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.
But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.
So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.
Sometimes Kutok attended to this; sometimes Aklak.
It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Christmas Reindeer

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Christmas Reindeer is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.
Line 2
But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.
Line 3
So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.
/soʊ ðeɪ wɜːr kept ˈteðərd baɪ lɔːŋ laɪnz ənd iːtʃ deɪ wɜːr muːvd tuː ə nuː ˈɡreɪzɪŋ ɡraʊnd/
Line 4
Sometimes Kutok attended to this; sometimes Aklak.
Line 5
It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astray adverb US /əˈstreɪ/

away from the right path or direction

From this reading “WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.”

attended adjective US /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading “Sometimes Kutok attended to this; sometimes Aklak.”

fastened adjective US /ˈfæsənd/

firmly closed or secured

From this reading “WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.”

grazing noun US /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/

the act of grazing

From this reading “So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.”

herds noun US /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading “But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.”

hunting noun US /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading “It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.”

rawhide noun US /ˈrɔːhaɪd/

untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes

From this reading “WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.”

tethered adjective US /ˈteðərd/

confined or restricted with or as if with a rope or chain

From this reading “So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

GOES ASTRAY verb + particle counted as “go astray”

In this reading “WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.”

long lines adjective + noun counted as “long line”

In this reading “So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.”

on the hills preposition + article + noun counted as “on … hill”

In this reading “But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

Aklak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes Kutok attended to this; sometimes Aklak.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

ASTRAYadverbUS /əˈstreɪ/

away from the right path or direction

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading Sometimes Kutok attended to this; sometimes Aklak.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

fastenedadjectiveUS /ˈfæsənd/

firmly closed or secured

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

GOESnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

grazingnounUS /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/

the act of grazing

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

Kutok

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It happened one day that both Kutok and Aklak had gone hunting.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

pack-deer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

rawhidenounUS /ˈrɔːhaɪd/

untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes Kutok attended to this; sometimes Aklak.

SpiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

tetheredadjectiveUS /ˈteðərd/

confined or restricted with or as if with a rope or chain

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Sometimes Kutok attended to this; sometimes Aklak.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So they were kept tethered by long lines, and each day were moved to a new grazing ground.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

WHITEFOOT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading WHITEFOOT GOES ASTRAY The two pack-deer with which Kutok had moved up near the Valley of the Good Spirit had been kept fastened, each with a long rawhide line.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But Kutok well knew that should they be allowed to go free, they would be likely to join the herds over on the hills above the valley.

Chapter 4 of The Christmas Reindeer by Thornton W. (Thornton Waldo) Burgess holds 70 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Christmas Reindeer contain?

Chapter 4 holds 70 sentences of The Christmas Reindeer, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Christmas Reindeer by Thornton W. (Thornton Waldo) Burgess exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 70 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Christmas Reindeer?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Christmas Reindeer

Common questions about reading The Christmas Reindeer by Thornton W. (Thornton Waldo) Burgess on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Christmas Reindeer?

Yes. All 1457 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64109 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Christmas Reindeer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64109, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Christmas Reindeer take to read?

About 121 minutes of reading across 292 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Christmas Reindeer section by section

How to work through The Christmas Reindeer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of The Christmas Reindeer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Christmas Reindeer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Christmas Reindeer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tuktu
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Christmas Reindeer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Christmas Reindeer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eskimo
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Christmas Reindeer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Means
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Christmas Reindeer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.