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The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance
The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
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THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.
Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.
Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.
Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.
He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.
Line 2
Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.
Line 3
Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.
Line 4
Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.
/jɪrz təˈɡeðər wɪð ðə ˈkɑːnstənt fəˈtiːɡz enˈdjʊrd ɪn ðə dɪˈfens ʌv ðə ˈkrɪstʃən feɪθ ənd ɪn ðə ˈɡʌvərmənt ʌv ðə ˈneɪʃən wɪtʃ ðə kɪŋ ʌv kɪŋz hæd pleɪst ɪn hɪz tʃɑːrdʒ hæd ˈbroʊkən daʊn hɪz helθ hæd ˈwiːkənd hɪz ˈenərdʒiz ənd hæd brɔːt hɪm tuː ðə ɡeɪts ʌv ɪˈtɜːrnəti/
Line 5
He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alcazar noun US /ˈɑːlkəzɑːr/

any of various Spanish fortresses or palaces built by the Moors

From this reading “He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.”

Castile noun US /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading “Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.”

cavaliers noun US /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading “Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.”

Cid noun US /sɪd/

the United States Army's principal law enforcement agency responsible for the conduct of criminal investigations for all levels of the Army anywhere in the world

From this reading “Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.”

fatigues noun US /fəˈtiːɡz/

military uniform worn by military personnel when doing menial labor

From this reading “Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.”

narrated verb US /ˈnereɪtɪd/

past form of “narrate” — provide commentary for a film, for example

From this reading “THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.”

rumours noun US /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumour” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading “Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.”

victories noun US /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading “Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

preceding chapters adjective + noun counted as “preceding chapter”

In this reading “THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.”

holy temples adjective + noun counted as “holy temple”

In this reading “He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.”

Some time adjective + noun

In this reading “THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.”

far more adverb + adjective

In this reading “Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.”

passed since verb + particle counted as “pass since”

In this reading “THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.”

all directions adjective + noun counted as “all direction”

In this reading “Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.”

flew about verb + particle counted as “fly about”

In this reading “Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.”

in heaven preposition + noun

In this reading “Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

AlcazarnounUS /ˈɑːlkəzɑːr/

any of various Spanish fortresses or palaces built by the Moors

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

bosomnounUS /ˈbʊzəm/

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

Cabezon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

CastilenounUS /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

Castilians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

cavaliersnounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

CidnounUS /sɪd/

the United States Army's principal law enforcement agency responsible for the conduct of criminal investigations for all levels of the Army anywhere in the world

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

DEADadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

enduredverbUS /enˈdjʊrd/

past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

energiesnounUS /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

eternitynounUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəti/

time without end

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

exchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

failingnounUS /ˈfeɪlɪŋ/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

fatiguesnounUS /fəˈtiːɡz/

military uniform worn by military personnel when doing menial labor

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

Fernando

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

fervournoun

the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

flewverbUS /fluː/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

FreshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

KINGnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

lastingadjectiveUS /ˈlæstɪŋ/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

LeonnounUS /ˈliːɑːn/

a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

Leonese

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

LIVEverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

LONGadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

MoorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

narratedverbUS /ˈnereɪtɪd/

past form of “narrate” — provide commentary for a film, for example

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

never-to-be-forgotten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

richeradjectiveUS /ˈrɪtʃər/

comparative of “rich” — possessing material wealth

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

rumoursnounUS /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumour” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

shockedadjectiveUS /ʃɑːkt/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

templesnounUS /ˈtempəlz/

plural of “temple” — place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

Valladolid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

victoriesnounUS /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

weakenedadjectiveUS /ˈwiːkənd/

impaired by diminution

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was in Cabezon, near Valladolid, occupied with the government of his kingdom, when he found that his health was rapidly failing, and he ordered that he should be brought to his Alcazar in Leon, to the bosom of his family, near to the holy temples erected by his never-to-be-forgotten religious fervour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE KING IS DEAD--LONG LIVE THE KING Some time has passed since the events which we have narrated in the preceding chapters.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Fresh victories gained over the Moors, in the eastern portion of Castile, have raised more and more the glory of Don Fernando, of the Cid, and of the cavaliers who accompanied the latter.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading Suddenly, however, both Castilians and Leonese were shocked by rumours which suddenly flew about in all directions: Don Fernando, the great, the noble the brave, the prudent and wise, was about to exchange his crown for a far richer one--one far more brilliant and lasting, for that which God places on the heads of the just in heaven.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

YearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Years, together with the constant fatigues endured in the defence of the Christian faith and in the government of the nation which the King of kings had placed in his charge, had broken down his health, had weakened his energies, and had brought him to the gates of eternity.

Chapter 31 of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance by Antonio de Trueba holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance contain?

Chapter 31 holds 99 sentences of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance by Antonio de Trueba exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance

Common questions about reading The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance by Antonio de Trueba on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 5345 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41990 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #41990, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 445 minutes of reading across 1069 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Campeador
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Centuries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cid Campeador: A Historical Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.