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The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel
The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel is here in full — 426 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.
There was of course labor.
But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.
The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.
There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel is here in full — 426 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.
Line 2
There was of course labor.
/ðer wɑːz ʌv kɔːrs ˈleɪbər/
Line 3
But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.
/bʌt ˈleɪbər noʊ mɔːr ˌɪnˈvents ðə tuːlz ðæt ɑːr ðə miːnz tuː ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk ˈkɑːŋkwest ðæn ˈsoʊldʒərz ˌɪnˈvent ðə ˈwepənz ʌv wɔːr ənd hæz ˈdʒenərəli les ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ ʌv endz ðæn ˈsoʊldʒərz hæv ʌv ðə ˈstrætədʒi/
Line 4
The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.
/ðə men kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðə stiːl ˈɪndəstri keɪm tuː biː ɡruːpt ɪn θriː meɪn dɪˈvɪʒənz/
Line 5
There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.
/ðer wɑːz ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl ˈpɪtsbərɡ ɡruːp ˈʌndər ðə ˈliːdərʃɪp ʌv ə raʊnd hed neɪmd ˈkɑːrmaɪkəl ɪt hæd ˈfaʊndɪd ˌɪtˈself ɪn ˈaɪərn ənd ðen ɡɔːn ˈɪntuː stiːl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Carmichael noun US /ˈkɑːrmaɪkəl/

United States songwriter (1899-1981)

From this reading “There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.”

controlling adjective US /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ/

able to control or determine policy

From this reading “The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.”

economic adjective US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk/

of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth

From this reading “But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.”

invents verb US /ˌɪnˈvents/

third-person singular of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading “But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.”

leadership noun US /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading “There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.”

Pittsburgh noun US /ˈpɪtsbərɡ/

a city in southwestern Pennsylvania where the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River forms the Ohio River; long an important urban industrial area; site of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh

From this reading “There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.”

strategy noun US /ˈstrætədʒi/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading “But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.”

tooled verb US /tuːld/

past form of “tool” — drive

From this reading “The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

under the leadership preposition + article + noun counted as “under … leadership”

In this reading “There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “There was of course labor.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

Breakspeares

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

CarmichaelnounUS /ˈkɑːrmaɪkəl/

United States songwriter (1899-1981)

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

controllingadjectiveUS /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ/

able to control or determine policy

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading There was of course labor.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

economicadjectiveUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk/

of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

groupedadjectiveUS /ɡruːpt/

arranged into groups

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

imaginedverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənd/

past form of “imagine” — form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

inventverbUS /ˌɪnˈvent/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

inventsverbUS /ˌɪnˈvents/

third-person singular of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading There was of course labor.

leadershipnounUS /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was of course labor.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

PittsburghnounUS /ˈpɪtsbərɡ/

a city in southwestern Pennsylvania where the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River forms the Ohio River; long an important urban industrial area; site of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

plannedadjectiveUS /plænd/

designed or carried out according to a plan

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

strategynounUS /ˈstrætədʒi/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

Thanes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was of course labor.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The men controlling the steel industry came to be grouped in three main divisions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

tooledverbUS /tuːld/

past form of “tool” — drive

From this reading The Breakspeares conceived it, imagined it, planned it; the Thanes tooled it.

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading There was the original Pittsburgh group, under the leadership of a round head named Carmichael; it had founded itself in iron and then gone into steel.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was of course labor.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading But labor no more invents the tools that are the means to economic conquest than soldiers invent the weapons of war, and has generally less understanding of ends than soldiers have of the strategy.

Chapter 15 of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel by Garet Garrett holds 426 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel contain?

Chapter 15 holds 426 sentences of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel by Garet Garrett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 426 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel

Common questions about reading The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel by Garet Garrett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel?

Yes. All 7136 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel take to read?

About 594 minutes of reading across 1428 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel section by section

How to work through The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rapidly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cinder Buggy: A Fable in Iron and Steel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.