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The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia
The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.
"It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.
We can never take the fort on horseback."
At the word, the dense troop swept round.
A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.
Line 2
"It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.
/ɪt ɪz ˈmædnəs tuː biː ɪkˈspoʊzd tuː ðɪs ˈaɪərn stɔːrm/
Line 3
We can never take the fort on horseback."
/wiː kæn ˈnevər teɪk ðə fɔːrt ɑːn ˈhɔːrsbæk/
Line 4
At the word, the dense troop swept round.
/æt ðə wɜːrd ðə dens truːp swept raʊnd/
Line 5
A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dense adjective US /dens/

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading “At the word, the dense troop swept round.”

horseback noun US /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading “We can never take the fort on horseback."”

horseman noun US /ˈhɔːrsmən/

a man skilled in equitation

From this reading “A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.”

madness noun US /ˈmædnəs/

obsolete terms for legal insanity

From this reading “"It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.”

rein verb US /reɪn/

control and direct with or as if by reins

From this reading “A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.”

retreating verb US /riˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “retreat” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading “A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.”

Russia noun US /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading “A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.”

troop noun US /truːp/

a group of soldiers

From this reading “At the word, the dense troop swept round.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on horseback preposition + noun

In this reading “We can never take the fort on horseback."”

other side adjective + noun

In this reading “A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.”

swept round adjective + noun

In this reading “At the word, the dense troop swept round.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

Arslan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the word, the dense troop swept round.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We can never take the fort on horseback."

ChiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

Circassians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

denseadjectiveUS /dens/

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading At the word, the dense troop swept round.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading We can never take the fort on horseback."

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

Gherrei

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

horsebacknounUS /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading We can never take the fort on horseback."

horsemannounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

a man skilled in equitation

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

madnessnounUS /ˈmædnəs/

obsolete terms for legal insanity

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading We can never take the fort on horseback."

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We can never take the fort on horseback."

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

reinverbUS /reɪn/

control and direct with or as if by reins

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

retreatingverbUS /riˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “retreat” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading At the word, the dense troop swept round.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

seizedverbUS /siːzd/

past form of “seize” — take hold of; grab

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

Selem's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading At the word, the dense troop swept round.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading We can never take the fort on horseback."

Thaddeus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "It is madness to be exposed to this iron storm.

troopnounUS /truːp/

a group of soldiers

From this reading At the word, the dense troop swept round.

TurnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading "Turn, turn, my noble friends!" cried the brave Chief Arslan Gherrei.

uniformadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

urgedverbUS /ɜːrdʒd/

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We can never take the fort on horseback."

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading A horseman, in the uniform of Russia, seized Selem's rein, and urged on his horse, while Thaddeus, on the other side, joined the retreating Circassians.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading At the word, the dense troop swept round.

Chapter 16 of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 421 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia contain?

Chapter 16 holds 421 sentences of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 421 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia

Common questions about reading The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia?

Yes. All 6759 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34485 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #34485, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia take to read?

About 563 minutes of reading across 1352 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Circassian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chief
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Circassian Chief: A Romance of Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.