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The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911)
The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911)

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911)
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.
The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.
Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.
Southward from the world of mist was the world of light, Muspelheim.
From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911)

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.
Line 2
The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.
Line 3
Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.
Line 4
Southward from the world of mist was the world of light, Muspelheim.
Line 5
From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.
/frʌm ðɪs prəˈsiːdɪd ə wɔːrm waɪnd əˈpɑːn ðə aɪs ənd ˈmeltəd ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accumulating verb US /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “accumulate” — get or gather together

From this reading “Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.”

bottomless adjective US /ˈbɑːtəmləs/

extremely deep

From this reading “The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.”

Creation noun US /kriˈeɪʃən/

the human act of creating

From this reading “The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.”

froze verb US /froʊz/

inflected form of “freeze” — stop moving or become immobilized

From this reading “Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.”

layer noun US /ˈleɪər/

single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance

From this reading “Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.”

myths noun US /mɪθs/

plural of “myth” — a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading “MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.”

norse noun US /nɔːrs/

an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading “MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.”

Southward adverb US /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading “Southward from the world of mist was the world of light, Muspelheim.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

issued from verb + particle counted as “issue from”

In this reading “Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.”

warm wind adjective + noun

In this reading “From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

268

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.

364

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

AccordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

accumulatingverbUS /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “accumulate” — get or gather together

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

bottomlessadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːtəmləs/

extremely deep

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

CreationnounUS /kriˈeɪʃən/

the human act of creating

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

Eddas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

fountainnounUS /ˈfaʊntən/

a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

frozeverbUS /froʊz/

inflected form of “freeze” — stop moving or become immobilized

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

Ginungagap

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

GODSnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

issuedverbUS /ˈɪʃuːd/

past form of “issue” — prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.

layernounUS /ˈleɪər/

single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Southward from the world of mist was the world of light, Muspelheim.

meltedadjectiveUS /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

Muspelheim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Southward from the world of mist was the world of light, Muspelheim.

MYTHSnounUS /mɪθs/

plural of “myth” — a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.

Niflheim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

NORSEnounUS /nɔːrs/

an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

SouthwardadverbUS /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading Southward from the world of mist was the world of light, Muspelheim.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS[364] =268.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

TwelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.

Vergelmir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, Vergelmir, and when they had flowed far from their source, they froze into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the great deep was filled up.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading From this proceeded a warm wind upon the ice and melted it.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The Creation.= According to the Eddas there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only a bottomless deep, Ginungagap, and a world of mist, Niflheim, in which sprang a fountain.

Chapter 28 of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) by Charles Mills Gayley holds 395 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) contain?

Chapter 28 holds 395 sentences of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911), unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) by Charles Mills Gayley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 395 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911)?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911)

Common questions about reading The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) by Charles Mills Gayley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 11665 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46063 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46063, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2333 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911) section by section

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Vocabulary met early in The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gayley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Athen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art (2nd Ed.) (1911); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.