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The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01
The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.
Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.
Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.
They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.
A signal is given and they begin to fight.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.
Line 2
Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.
Line 3
Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.
/hiːr ɔːl ɑːr strɪpt ˈneɪkəd dɪˈpraɪvd ʌv ðer saɪt wɪð ə hɑːt ˈaɪərn ənd ɑːrmd wɪð ə klʌb iːtʃ/
Line 4
They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.
Line 5
A signal is given and they begin to fight.
/ə ˈsɪɡnəl ɪz ˈɡɪvən ənd ðeɪ bɪˈɡɪn tuː faɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

centuries noun US /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading “A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.”

chieftains noun US /ˈtʃiːftənz/

plural of “chieftain” — the leader of a group of people

From this reading “Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.”

conducted verb US /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading “Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.”

deprived adjective US /dɪˈpraɪvd/

marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences

From this reading “Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.”

Displeasure noun US /dɪˈspleʒər/

the feeling of being displeased or annoyed or dissatisfied with someone or something

From this reading “Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.”

existed verb US /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.”

pomp noun US /pɑːmp/

cheap or pretentious or vain display

From this reading “Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.”

stripped adjective US /strɪpt/

having only essential or minimal features

From this reading “Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading A signal is given and they begin to fight.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

chieftainsnounUS /ˈtʃiːftənz/

plural of “chieftain” — the leader of a group of people

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

clowgebs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

clubnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

deprivedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpraɪvd/

marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

DispleasurenounUS /dɪˈspleʒər/

the feeling of being displeased or annoyed or dissatisfied with someone or something

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

extraordinaryadjectiveUS /ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading A signal is given and they begin to fight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading A signal is given and they begin to fight.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

ImmediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

inclosing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

lockedverbUS /lɑːkt/

past form of “lock” — fasten with a lock

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

MinisternounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

Nabootka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

Naganag

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

NationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

pompnounUS /pɑːmp/

cheap or pretentious or vain display

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading A signal is given and they begin to fight.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

strippedadjectiveUS /strɪpt/

having only essential or minimal features

From this reading Here all are stripped naked, deprived of their sight with a hot iron and armed with a club each.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

Uggards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A most extraordinary and interesting custom of the Uggards is called the _Naganag_ and has existed, I was told, for centuries.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They are then locked in the square, which has an inclosing wall thirty _clowgebs_ high.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Immediately after every war, and before the returned army is put to death, the chieftains who have held high command and their official head, the Minister of National Displeasure, are conducted with much pomp to the public square of Nabootka, the capital.

Chapter 3 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 by Ambrose Bierce holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 407 sentences of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 by Ambrose Bierce exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01

Common questions about reading The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 by Ambrose Bierce on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01?

Yes. All 2839 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13541 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13541, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 take to read?

About 236 minutes of reading across 568 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 section by section

How to work through The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Causes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Conspired
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lamentable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.