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The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11
The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 is here in full — 405 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Suicide is always courageous.
We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”
But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.
If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.
True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 is here in full — 405 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Suicide is always courageous.
/ˈsuːəsaɪd ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz kərˈeɪdʒəs/
Line 2
We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”
Line 3
But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.
/bʌt ðə ˈsuːəsaɪd dʌz mɔːr ðæn feɪs deθ hiː ˌɪnˈkɜːrz ɪt ənd wɪð ə ˈsɜːrtənti nɑːt ʌv ˈɡlɔːri bʌt ʌv riˈproʊtʃ/
Line 4
If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.
/ɪf ðæt ɪz nɑːt ˈkɜːrədʒ wiː mʌst rəˈfɔːrm ˈaʊər voʊˈkæbjəleri/
Line 5
True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.
/truː ðer meɪ biː ə ˈhaɪər ˈkɜːrədʒ ɪn ˈlɪvɪŋ ðæn ɪn ˈdaɪɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

certainty noun US /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading “We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.””

courageous adjective US /kərˈeɪdʒəs/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading “Suicide is always courageous.”

forlorn adjective US /fərˈlɔːrn/

marked by or showing hopelessness

From this reading “We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.””

incurs verb US /ˌɪnˈkɜːrz/

third-person singular of “incur” — make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading “But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.”

reform noun US /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading “If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.”

reproach noun US /riˈproʊtʃ/

a mild rebuke or criticism

From this reading “But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.”

suicide noun US /ˈsuːəsaɪd/

the act of killing yourself

From this reading “Suicide is always courageous.”

vocabulary noun US /voʊˈkæbjəleri/

a listing of the words used in some enterprise

From this reading “If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

forlorn hope adjective + noun

a hopeless or desperate enterprise

In this reading “We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.””

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Suicide is always courageous.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

courageousadjectiveUS /kərˈeɪdʒəs/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Suicide is always courageous.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

dyingadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be

From this reading True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

forlornadjectiveUS /fərˈlɔːrn/

marked by or showing hopelessness

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

incursverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɜːrz/

third-person singular of “incur” — make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Suicide is always courageous.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.

reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.

reproachnounUS /riˈproʊtʃ/

a mild rebuke or criticism

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

SuicidenounUS /ˈsuːəsaɪd/

the act of killing yourself

From this reading Suicide is always courageous.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True, there may be a higher courage in living than in dying.

vocabularynounUS /voʊˈkæbjəleri/

a listing of the words used in some enterprise

From this reading If that is not courage we must reform our vocabulary.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We call it courage in a soldier merely to face death—say to lead a forlorn hope—although he has a chance of life and a certainty of “glory.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But the suicide does more than face death; he incurs it, and with a certainty, not of glory, but of reproach.

Chapter 7 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 by Ambrose Bierce holds 405 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 405 sentences of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 by Ambrose Bierce exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 405 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11

Common questions about reading The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 by Ambrose Bierce on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11?

Yes. All 2853 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66905 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66905, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 take to read?

About 237 minutes of reading across 571 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 section by section

How to work through The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Greater
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.