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The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1
The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
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Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.
French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.
From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.
And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.
In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.
Line 2
French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.
Line 3
From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.
Line 4
And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.
Line 5
In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.
/ɪn ðə mʌnθ ʌv ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ ˈfɔːrtifaɪv ðɪs ˈprɑːdʒekt ˈɪntuː ækt ðeɪ draɪv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

animate verb US /ˈænəmət/

heighten or intensify

From this reading “And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.”

clan noun US /klæn/

group of people related by blood or marriage

From this reading “And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.”

forty-five noun US /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading “In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.”

Highland noun US /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading “And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.”

Hungarian adjective US /həŋˈɡeriən/

relating to or characteristic of Hungary

From this reading “French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.”

jointly adverb US /ˈdʒɔɪntli/

in collaboration or cooperation

From this reading “French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.”

queens noun US /kwiːnz/

a borough of New York City

From this reading “Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.”

slack adjective US /slæk/

not tense or taut

From this reading “And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

bloody war verb + noun

In this reading “Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.”

many thousand adjective + noun

In this reading “From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.”

By sending preposition + noun

In this reading “And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

AmongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

animateverbUS /ˈænəmət/

heighten or intensify

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

clannounUS /klæn/

group of people related by blood or marriage

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

Dittingen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

Espous'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

Fontenoynoun

a battle in 1745 in which the French army under Marshal Saxe defeated the English army and their allies under the duke of Cumberland

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

form'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

forty-fivenounUS /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

Germanie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

Hanoverians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

HighlandnounUS /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

HungarianadjectiveUS /həŋˈɡeriən/

relating to or characteristic of Hungary

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

imperiousadjUS /ɪmˈpɪr.i.əs/

Assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering. (Hách dịch, độc đoán, kiêu kỳ.)

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

jointlyadverbUS /ˈdʒɔɪntli/

in collaboration or cooperation

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

landingnounUS /ˈlændɪŋ/

an intermediate platform in a staircase

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

overthro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

Pretender's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

projectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

Prussians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

queensnounUS /kwiːnz/

a borough of New York City

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

se'enteen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

slackadjectiveUS /slæk/

not tense or taut

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the month of July, forty-five, This project into act, they drive.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading From year to year, the flame it grew, Till armies to the field they drew, At Dittingen and Fontenoy, Did many thousand lives destroy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading French and Prussians did jointly go, The Hungarian queen to overthro’; But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch, Espous’d her cause, and that too much.

Tranent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And then the French, they form’d a plan, To animate our Highland clan, By sending the Pretender’s son To claim Great Britain as his own; Which drew the British forces back, And made the German war to slack.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Charles’ landing in Scotland and march to Tranent._ In the year se’enteen hundred and forty one, An imperious and bloody war began, Amongst kings and queens in Germanie, Who should the Roman Emperor be.

Chapter 3 of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 by Dougal Graham holds 445 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 445 sentences of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 by Dougal Graham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 445 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 by Dougal Graham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1?

Yes. All 2186 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60365 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60365, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 438 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Asterism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, "Skellat" — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.