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The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London
The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Anne Manning • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.
The use of hyphens has been rationalised.
A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.
Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.
Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.
/əˈperənt ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl ˈerərz hæv bɪn kərˈektəd/
Line 2
The use of hyphens has been rationalised.
Line 3
A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.
/ə lɪst ʌv ðə ˈɔːθərz wɜːrks æt ðə frʌnt ʌv ðə tekst hæz bɪn muːvd tuː dʒɔɪn rɪˈleɪtɪd məˈtɪriəl æt ðə bæk/
Line 4
Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.
/smɔːl ˈkæpətəlz hæv bɪn kənˈvɜːrtɪd tuː fʊl ˈkæpətəlz/
Line 5
Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.
/aɪˈtælɪk ənd boʊld fɑːnt ɑːr ˈɪndəkeɪtəd baɪ ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz ənd plʌs saɪnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

author's noun US /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading “A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
capitals noun US /ˈkæpətəlz/

plural of “capital” — assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading “Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
converted verb US /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
font noun US /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
plus noun US /plʌs/

a useful or valuable quality

From this reading “Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
typographical adjective US /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading “Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Small capitals adjective + noun counted as “small capital”

a character having the form of an upper-case letter but the same height as lower-case letters

In this reading “Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.”

268 times in 426,211 chapters
indicated by verb + particle counted as “indicate by”

In this reading “Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.”

2,477 times in 426,211 chapters
list of verb + particle

In this reading “A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.”

14,921 times in 426,211 chapters

All words in this reading · 39

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ApparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
capitalsnounUS /ˈkæpətəlz/

plural of “capital” — assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
convertedverbUS /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
correctedadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fontnounUS /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The use of hyphens has been rationalised.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
hyphens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The use of hyphens has been rationalised.

Pending verification
indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ItalicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The use of hyphens has been rationalised.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
plusnounUS /plʌs/

a useful or valuable quality

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
rationalised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The use of hyphens has been rationalised.

Pending verification
relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SmalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Small capitals have been converted to full capitals.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The use of hyphens has been rationalised.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
typographicaladjectiveUS /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading Apparent typographical errors have been corrected.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Italic and bold font are indicated by _underscores_ and +plus signs+.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The use of hyphens has been rationalised.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading A list of the author's works, at the front of the text, has been moved to join related material at the back.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Chapter 1 of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London by Anne Manning holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London contain?

Chapter 1 holds 135 sentences of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London by Anne Manning exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London

Common questions about reading The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London by Anne Manning on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London?

Yes. All 1599 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51557 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51557, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London take to read?

About 133 minutes of reading across 320 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London section by section

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Vocabulary met early in The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Apparent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Typographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corrected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Clothworker of London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.